{"id":1031,"date":"2023-11-02T00:14:50","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T23:14:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=1031"},"modified":"2023-12-03T19:26:08","modified_gmt":"2023-12-03T18:26:08","slug":"vestecke-vlohy-zivocichu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/11\/02\/vestecke-vlohy-zivocichu\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011b\u0161teck\u00e9 vlohy \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eV p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se rozhostilo podivn\u00e9 ticho, listy na stromech a st\u00e9bla trav se v naprost\u00e9m bezv\u011bt\u0159\u00ed ani nepohnuly, zp\u011bv pt\u00e1k\u016f umlkl \u2014 v\u0161echno ztichlo v o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho hrozn\u00e9ho.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

Kon\u011b odm\u00edtali \u017er\u00e1dlo a projevovali nezvykl\u00fd nepokoj, nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 je udr\u017eet v klidu, kr\u00e1vy se rovn\u011b\u017e chovaly podivn\u011b a prasata ut\u00edkala ze dvor\u016f. Vla\u0161tovky, vrabci a holubi l\u00e9tali otev\u0159en\u00fdmi okny do dom\u016f, jako by cht\u011bli potvrdit lidovou pranostiku, \u017ee v dom\u011b, kam vlet\u00ed oknem pt\u00e1k, dojde k ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. K\u0159epelky, kter\u00e9 jsem m\u011bl on\u00e9 noci na 28. kv\u011btna doma, projevovaly neklid jako nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Tak popisuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zem\u011bpisec 19. stolet\u00ed Ivan Mu\u0161ketov ve\u010der p\u0159ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm v roce 1887, kdy na \u00fapat\u00ed poho\u0159\u00ed Alatau bylo zni\u010deno m\u011bsto V\u011brnyj, dne\u0161n\u00ed Alma-Ata. Brzy r\u00e1no, kdy\u017e obyvatel\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b spali, ozvalo se mocn\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed dun\u011bn\u00ed, po n\u011bm\u017e n\u00e1sledoval prudk\u00fd ot\u0159es. Mnoho lid\u00ed na\u0161lo smrt pod rozvalinami, mnoho jich bylo ran\u011bno. Z 1799 dom\u016f z\u016fstal neporu\u0161en jen jeden jedin\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Maj\u00ed v\u0161echna zv\u00ed\u0159ata schopnost p\u0159edpov\u00eddat katastrofu, jako je zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed nebo v\u00fdbuch sopky? Od ur\u010dit\u00e9 doby se seizmologov\u00e9 a biologov\u00e9 pravideln\u011b dotazuj\u00ed na chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed kritick\u00fdm okam\u017eikem. Uv\u00e1d\u00edme alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1znam\u016f pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dva dny p\u0159ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm o s\u00edle 9 stup\u0148\u016f (podle dvan\u00e1ctistup\u0148ov\u00e9 stupnice MCS), kter\u00e9 v roce 1948 postihlo oblast A\u0161ch\u00e1b\u00e1du v Turkmensk\u00e9 SSR, pozorovali m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9, \u017ee jsou neklidn\u00e1 nejen dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, ale i hadi a je\u0161t\u011brky. Mravenci dokonce opustili sv\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed obydl\u00ed a vynesli odtud sv\u016fj nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed majetek \u2014 b\u00edl\u00e9 kukly.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm o s\u00edle 10 stup\u0148\u016f, ke kter\u00e9mu do\u0161lo v roce 1963 v jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00e9 Skopji, \u0159vala a divoce pob\u00edhala v klec\u00edch v\u0161echna zv\u00ed\u0159ata v zoologick\u00e9 zahrad\u011b \u2014 sloni, hro\u0161i, hyeny i pt\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

T\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i dny p\u0159ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm v Japonsku ulovili m\u00edstn\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159i nejednou v povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch hlubinn\u00e9 ryby a sedmimetrov\u00e9 s\u00e9pie, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b ve velk\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch a jindy se je nepoda\u0159ilo chytit.<\/p>\n

Lesn\u00edci a lovci na Kam\u010datce se velmi podivili, kdy\u017e jednou uprost\u0159ed zimy zpozorovali, \u017ee se medv\u011bdi ve sv\u00fdch sn\u011bhem zasypan\u00fdch brloz\u00edch probudili a st\u011bhuj\u00ed se d\u00e1le od ne\u010dinn\u00e9ho vulk\u00e1nu Bezymjannyj.
\nAni ne za dva dny tato sopka obnovila svou \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n

Fakta zd\u00e1nliv\u011b potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se katastrofu vn\u00edmaj\u00ed v\u0161echna zv\u00ed\u0159ata, pt\u00e1ci, ryby, vodn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 i hmyz. Ve skute\u010dnosti tomu v\u0161ak tak nen\u00ed \u2014 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed toti\u017e na intenzit\u011b podn\u011btu. V roce 1977 provedli pracovn\u00edci Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity pe\u010dliv\u00fd pr\u016fzkum mezi m\u00edstn\u00edmi obyvateli, kte\u0159\u00ed byli sv\u011bdky zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, a uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee u\u017e 80 kilometr\u016f od epicentra projevovali nepokoj jen n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina jich z\u016fstala naprosto klidn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Zrodila se tak druh\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed hypot\u00e9za: \u201eSchopnost p\u0159edpov\u00eddat“ z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny pro zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f je ur\u010dit\u00fd \u017eivo\u010dich vybaven.<\/p>\n

Geofyzikov\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee p\u0159ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm se z hlubin zem\u011b k povrchu dost\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed plynn\u00e9ho radonu ne\u017e obvykle.<\/p>\n

Jsou-li zv\u00ed\u0159ata, pt\u00e1ci a ryby schopni tento rozd\u00edl zachytit, zat\u00edm nev\u00edme, ale bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 bakt\u00e9rie jsou skute\u010dn\u011b vybaveny nesm\u00edrn\u011b jemn\u00fdm chemick\u00fdm analyz\u00e1torem.<\/p>\n

Seizmologov\u00e9 v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee nap\u011bt\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 siln\u00e9 infrazvuky, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 nesly\u0161\u00ed. Ale co ostatn\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 bytosti?<\/p>\n

Konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i mohou p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b jen z\u00e1vid\u011bt, \u017ee \u017eiv\u00fd organismus je schopen p\u0159ijmout sou\u010dasn\u011b n\u011bkolik sign\u00e1l\u016f o bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se katastrof\u011b, co\u017e podstatn\u011b zvy\u0161uje spolehlivost \u201ep\u0159edpov\u011bdi“.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdc\u016fm se postupn\u011b da\u0159\u00ed odhalovat tajemstv\u00ed \u201ev\u011b\u0161tc\u016f“. S jedn\u00edm takov\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm v\u00e1s sezn\u00e1m\u00edme, p\u0159esto\u017ee nepat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a sope\u010dn\u00fdch erupc\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak neoby\u010dejn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ror\u00fds obecn\u00fd je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pt\u00e1k: v\u0161echno d\u011bl\u00e1 za letu: p\u0159i rychlosti a\u017e 160 kilometr\u016f v hodin\u011b \u017eere, pije, sb\u00edr\u00e1 materi\u00e1l na hn\u00edzdo a dokonce se i koupe. Krom\u011b toho je to \u00fapln\u00fd g\u00e9nius v p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Za\u010dneme t\u00edm, \u017ee jarn\u00ed n\u00e1vrat ror\u00fds\u016f do st\u0159edn\u00edch a severn\u00edch \u0161\u00ed\u0159ek evropsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Ruska spolehliv\u011b ohla\u0161uje za\u010d\u00e1tek tepl\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9ta, n\u011bkdy v \u010dervenci, kdy\u017e se z hn\u00edzd t\u011bchto pt\u00e1k\u016f oz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bbet\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat, najednou zjist\u00edte, \u017ee ror\u00fdsi, kte\u0159\u00ed s hlasit\u00fdm pohvizdov\u00e1n\u00edm br\u00e1zdili vzduch od r\u00e1na do ve\u010dera, v\u0161ichni do jednoho zmizeli.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nejpozd\u011bji do \u010dty\u0159iadvaceti hodin se n\u00e1hle zm\u011bn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b del\u0161\u00ed dobu bude sychravo a vlhko. Na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Baltsk\u00e9ho a B\u00edl\u00e9ho mo\u0159e b\u00fdvaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 zvraty po\u010das\u00ed \u010dast\u00e9.<\/p>\n

To, co lidem p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu nep\u0159\u00edjemnost\u00ed, znamen\u00e1 pro ror\u00fdsy jistou smrt. Tito pt\u00e1ci se toti\u017e \u017eiv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b kom\u00e1ry a mu\u0161kami. Sv\u00fdm ml\u00e1\u010fat\u016fm je v\u0161ak nenos\u00ed po jednom.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9taj\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zob\u00e1kem a ze hmyzu, kter\u00fd zachyt\u00ed, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed jazykem kuli\u010dku a t\u011bmito vysoce kalorick\u00fdmi \u201epilulkami“ pak krm\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fata. Biologov\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 kuli\u010dka obsahuje 200 a\u017e 700 mu\u0161ek a kom\u00e1r\u016f. Aby nakrmili sv\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i ml\u00e1\u010fata, mus\u00ed rodi\u010de pracovat 17 a\u017e 19 hodin denn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jakmile v\u0161ak p\u0159ijdou mlhy a nepohoda, hmyz p\u0159estane l\u00e9tat; ror\u00fdsi se proto vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed 100 a\u017e 200 kilometr\u016f za teplej\u0161\u00edm po\u010das\u00edm, nebo\u0165 jinak by zahynuli. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hol\u00e1, dosud neope\u0159en\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata ponechaj\u00ed v hn\u00edzd\u011b na pospas de\u0161ti. Jakmile mlad\u00ed zjist\u00ed, \u017ee rodi\u010de odlet\u011bli, u\u010din\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jejich t\u011blesn\u00e1 teplota klesne ze 40 a\u017e 42 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia na 20 i m\u00e9n\u011b, tak\u017ee drobn\u00e1 t\u011bl\u00ed\u010dka doslova ztuhnou chladem. V tomto stavu, kdy je spot\u0159eba energie co nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, jsou ml\u00e1\u010fata schopna vydr\u017eet 10 a\u017e 12 dn\u016f. Jakmile se de\u0161tiv\u00e1 cyklona p\u0159e\u017eene, vr\u00e1t\u00ed se s tepl\u00fdm po\u010das\u00edm dosp\u011bl\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a ml\u00e1\u010fata jsou hned zase pln\u00e1 \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1s na tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1, jak pt\u00e1ci poznaj\u00ed, \u017ee se po\u010das\u00ed n\u00e1hle a na del\u0161\u00ed dobu zm\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee p\u0159ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdmi de\u0161ti ror\u00fdsi neodl\u00e9taj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee v pta\u010d\u00edch brk\u00e1ch a v pta\u010d\u00ed kost\u0159e jsou dutiny, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na zm\u011bny atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho tlaku. Na tomto principu je mimo jin\u00e9 sestrojen aneroid. Vlhkom\u011br vych\u00e1z\u00ed z principu ope\u0159en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pta\u010d\u00edho pera, je\u017e velmi citliv\u011b reaguje na vlhkost vzduchu. Ror\u00fdsi v\u0161ak maj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b jeden org\u00e1n, kter\u00fd jim umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159edpov\u00eddat po\u010das\u00ed na del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Ve svalov\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni hlavy byly nedaleko mozku tohoto pt\u00e1ka nalezeny mikroskopick\u00e9 krystalky magnetitu. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee krystaly tohoto nerostu zachycuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 poruchy, kter\u00e9 jsou po\u010d\u00e1tkem ka\u017ed\u00e9 zm\u011bny po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Geobiologie jako v\u011bdeck\u00e1 discipl\u00edna dosud neexistuje. U\u017e nyn\u00ed se v\u0161ak objevuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 bude muset tato hypotetick\u00e1 v\u011bda \u0159e\u0161it. A jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f je p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof.<\/p>\n

Sputnik, \u010d. 1, 1984, s. 78 \u2013 81<\/em><\/p>\n

Podle \u010dasopisu Chimija i \u017eiz\u0148<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201eV p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se rozhostilo podivn\u00e9 ticho, listy na stromech a st\u00e9bla trav se v naprost\u00e9m bezv\u011bt\u0159\u00ed ani nepohnuly, zp\u011bv pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":199,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[80],"class_list":["post-1031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-predpovedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1031"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1031\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1032,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1031\/revisions\/1032"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}