{"id":1071,"date":"2023-11-12T00:10:32","date_gmt":"2023-11-11T23:10:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=1071"},"modified":"2023-12-12T19:24:08","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T18:24:08","slug":"rukojmi-spanku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/11\/12\/rukojmi-spanku\/","title":{"rendered":"Rukojm\u00ed sp\u00e1nku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V klidu si jdeme odpo\u010dinout, vyspat se a nabrat s\u00edly.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Ale jsou i lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se strachem jdou sp\u00e1t, nev\u011bd\u00ed, kde se probud\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b, jak a zda se v\u016fbec probud\u00ed. Zem\u0159\u00edt p\u0159i bloud\u011bn\u00ed ve snu nebo se s\u00e1m st\u00e1t vrahem &#8211; to je riziko, kter\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1 mnoho lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sny, kter\u00e9 zab\u00edjej\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost (nebo, jak se tomu d\u0159\u00edve \u0159\u00edkalo, somnambulismus) inspiruje b\u00e1sn\u00edky a um\u011blce: obraz kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 polonah\u00e9 d\u00edvky, kter\u00e1 se ve sp\u00e1nku proch\u00e1z\u00ed po st\u0159e\u0161e nebo \u00fazk\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmse, si p\u0159\u00edmo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 o malbu na pl\u00e1tno. Bohu\u017eel realita b\u00fdv\u00e1 prozai\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e takov\u00e9 romantick\u00e9 proch\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1073\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku1-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku1-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku1.jpg 627w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. Obraz S. Kievsk\u00e9ho: \u201eLunati\u010dka\u201c (1901).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>No\u010dn\u00ed toulky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Kdy\u017e se somnambul probud\u00ed na ne\u010dekan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, n\u011bkdy si ani neuv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee tam p\u0159i\u0161el s\u00e1m. Je ochoten uv\u011b\u0159it \u010demukoli, dokonce i tomu, \u017ee ho v noci unesli zelen\u00ed mu\u017e\u00ed\u010dci, a po pokusech ho kamkoli hodili.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pokud v\u0161ak do bytu um\u00edst\u00edte kamery, v\u0161e zapadne na sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto: \u010dlov\u011bk s\u00e1m v noci vst\u00e1v\u00e1 a chod\u00ed po dom\u011b, prov\u00e1d\u00ed \u0159adu \u00fakon\u016f a pak se bu\u010f vr\u00e1t\u00ed do postele, nebo usne kdekoli, a\u017e v koupeln\u011b. Pokud je n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost del\u0161\u00ed (m\u016f\u017ee trvat i n\u011bkolik hodin), m\u016f\u017ee osoba vyj\u00edt ven, ud\u011blat nepo\u0159\u00e1dek a upadnout do hlub\u0161\u00edho sp\u00e1nku nebo p\u0159ij\u00edt sp\u00e1t n\u011bkam doprost\u0159ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm se tak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 proto, \u017ee se d\u0159\u00edve v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee se vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed na no\u010dn\u00ed proch\u00e1zky v z\u00e1vislosti na f\u00e1zi M\u011bs\u00edce. Pak se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee somnambulismus nem\u00e1 s M\u011bs\u00edcem nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho &#8211; jen pozorovat takov\u00e9 proch\u00e1zky za m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho svitu je snaz\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e za tmy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edci b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1ni s nata\u017een\u00fdma rukama a zav\u0159en\u00fdma o\u010dima, a\u010dkoli ve skute\u010dnosti chod\u00ed jako obvykle a jen &#8222;strnul\u00fd&#8220; nebo &#8222;nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd&#8220; pohled prozrazuje &#8211; n\u011bco nen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy maj\u00ed o\u010di zav\u0159en\u00e9, objevili l\u00e9ka\u0159i zaj\u00edmav\u00fd jev: n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edci se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m s n\u00e1bytkem a zdmi nikoli d\u00edky &#8222;\u0161est\u00e9mu smyslu&#8220;. Na chv\u00edli otev\u0159e o\u010di a jako by si vytvo\u0159il mapu polohy p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, a pak jde v souladu s n\u00ed. Po p\u0159echodu do jin\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti si pacient ud\u011bl\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed &#8222;sn\u00edmek&#8220; a tak d\u00e1le. Pokud je v m\u00edstnosti tma, m\u016f\u017ee snadno zakopnout nebo do n\u011b\u010deho narazit. Ve studii 54 n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f zjistili, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd se v noci zranil n\u00e1razem do zdi nebo n\u00e1bytku. Dvacet procent z nich se dopou\u0161t\u011blo je\u0161t\u011b bizarn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010din\u016f &#8211; sk\u00e1kali z oken, bloudili po ulic\u00edch, lezli na st\u0159echy apod. Pr\u00e1v\u011b oni dali vzniknout romantick\u00e9mu pohledu na n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Slavn\u00fd biolog Ilja Me\u010dnikov ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle &#8222;Etudy optimismu&#8220; popsal p\u0159\u00edhodu, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1la v pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 nemocnici Laennec.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u201e\u010cty\u0159iadvacetilet\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed sestra vstala v jednu hodinu r\u00e1no. Nedbaj\u00edc na slu\u017ebu konaj\u00edc\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e a ostatn\u00ed lidi, &#8222;otev\u0159e okno s v\u00fdhledem na st\u0159echu, vyjde z okna, projde se po st\u0159e\u0161e p\u0159ed jinou sestrou, kter\u00e1 ji zd\u011b\u0161en\u011b pozoruje a neodva\u017euje se na ni promluvit, vstoup\u00ed zp\u011bt do jin\u00e9ho okna a sejde po schodech&#8230;.. Jde bezhlu\u010dn\u011b, jej\u00ed pohyby jsou automatick\u00e9, ruce j\u00ed vis\u00ed pod\u00e9l pon\u011bkud naklon\u011bn\u00e9ho trupu; hlavu dr\u017e\u00ed rovn\u011b a klidn\u011b, vlasy m\u00e1 rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9, o\u010di do\u0161iroka otev\u0159en\u00e9. Naprosto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 fantastick\u00e9ho ducha.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Dne 6. \u010dervna 2005 vylezla patn\u00e1ctilet\u00e1 anglick\u00e1 d\u00edvka v somnambuln\u00edm stavu na v\u00fdlo\u017en\u00edk stavebn\u00edho je\u0159\u00e1bu, pro\u0161la se po n\u011bm a\u017e dol\u016f a lehla si na jeho okraj, aby usnula. Kolemjdouc\u00ed, kter\u00fd to vid\u011bl, okam\u017eit\u011b zavolal policii a nahl\u00e1sil pokus o sebevra\u017edu. Z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159\u016fm trvalo dv\u011b a p\u016fl hodiny, ne\u017e d\u00edvku ze \u010dty\u0159icetimetrov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky sundali. Probudilo ji a\u017e v nemocnici zvon\u011bn\u00ed telefonu &#8211; jej\u00ed rodi\u010de m\u011bli strach, kam se jejich dcera pod\u011bla.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Ani siln\u00e1 bolest nemus\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka probudit ze sp\u00e1nku. V roce 2010 \u017eena z americk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Lakemoor &#8222;vy\u0161la&#8220; z okna ve t\u0159et\u00edm pat\u0159e a z\u0159\u00edtila se na auto stoj\u00edc\u00ed pod oknem. Svezla se na zem a jako by se nic nestalo, \u0161la zp\u011bt nahoru, ale spletla si dve\u0159e. Dve\u0159e sousedovy gar\u00e1\u017ee byly odem\u010den\u00e9 a t\u0159icetilet\u00e1 n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e1 po vstupu do bytu jimi usnula na pohovce. Kdy\u017e sousedka na\u0161la cizince zran\u011bn\u00e9ho doma, zavolala z\u00e1chrannou slu\u017ebu. \u017dena na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed utrp\u011bla jen lehk\u00e1 zran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u010ciny, kter\u00fdch se n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edci dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, se mohou pohybovat od primitivn\u00edch a\u017e po extr\u00e9mn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9. N\u011bkdy d\u011blaj\u00ed absurdn\u00ed \u010diny &#8211; p\u0159emis\u0165uj\u00ed v\u011bci, d\u00e1vaj\u00ed je na nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, n\u011bco schov\u00e1vaj\u00ed. R\u00e1no si ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00edk nic nepamatuje a ztr\u00e1c\u00ed \u010das snahou naj\u00edt ztracen\u00e9. Pokud n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd ne\u017eije s\u00e1m, m\u016f\u017ee se k n\u011bmu dostat jeho rodina a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9: ty, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, mi krade\u0161 v\u011bci, chce\u0161 m\u011b p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd \u010dasto v noci jde k ledni\u010dce a za\u010dne j\u00edst jak\u00e9koli j\u00eddlo v jak\u00e9koli kombinaci. Tady se nelze divit p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm: zamazan\u00e1 \u00fasta, ruce a drobky v posteli ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1soby sn\u011bdl s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Chut\u011b lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jed\u00ed ve sp\u00e1nku, se mohou velmi li\u0161it od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch chut\u00ed. Byly zaznamen\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edpady poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u010di\u010d\u00edho \u017er\u00e1dla, sendvi\u010d\u016f s m\u00e1slem, sol\u00ed a cigaretou nebo slune\u010dnicov\u00e9ho oleje po skleni\u010dk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">L\u00e9ka\u0159i se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edky \u017eene do kuchyn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 hladina hormonu leptinu, kter\u00fd ve sp\u00e1nku potla\u010duje hlad. Jamie White a Neil Cavey publikovali v \u010dasopise International Journal of Eating Disorders (Vol. 9, No. 5, 1990) sv\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed chodili j\u00edst n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t za noc &#8211; n\u011bkdy i ka\u017edou hodinu!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">V l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e je pops\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edpad skupinov\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti pozorovan\u00fd koncem 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed v N\u011bmecku. Rodina Breichtov\u00fdch, kterou tvo\u0159ili otec, matka, dv\u011b d\u011bti a babi\u010dka, za\u010dala za\u017e\u00edvat z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. N\u011bkdy r\u00e1no zji\u0161\u0165ovali, \u017ee v\u011bci a n\u00e1bytek nejsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny stejn\u011b jako p\u0159edchoz\u00ed noc. Rodina byla p\u0159ipravena uv\u011b\u0159it na mimozem\u0161\u0165any. Ale n\u00e1hle byla z\u00e1hada vy\u0159e\u0161ena. Breichtovy probudil stra\u0161liv\u00fd rachot &#8211; nejmlad\u0161\u00ed syn ve tm\u011b narazil na st\u016fl. Rodina ho na\u0161la sed\u011bt v ob\u00fdvac\u00edm pokoji p\u0159i no\u010dn\u00edm j\u00eddle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Somnambulismus se m\u016f\u017ee d\u011bdit, jako tomu bylo v rodin\u011b Konstantina Ciolkovsk\u00e9ho. &#8222;M\u011bl jsem sklon k n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti,&#8220; zaznamenal ve sv\u00fdch pam\u011btech. \u2013 \u201eN\u011bkdy jsem v noci vst\u00e1val a dlouho jsem si n\u011bco mumlal (v bezv\u011bdom\u00ed). N\u011bkdy jsem vst\u00e1val z postele, bloudil po pokoj\u00edch a schov\u00e1val se n\u011bkde pod pohovkou. Jednou rodi\u010de v noci odn\u011bkud p\u0159i\u0161li a nena\u0161li m\u011b v posteli. Zjistil jsem, \u017ee sp\u00edm na podlaze v jin\u00e9m pokoji. M\u016fj bratr M\u00ed\u0165a to m\u011bl je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed.&#8220; Cjolkovsk\u00e9ho d\u011bti trp\u011bly tak\u00e9 somnambulismem a dal\u0161\u00edmi du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Ne v\u0161echny \u010diny n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch jsou \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nebo bezcenn\u00e9. N\u011bkdy opakuj\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 d\u011blali b\u011bhem dne. Ilja Me\u010dnikov si v\u0161iml, \u017ee lid\u00e9 \u010dasto &#8222;opakuj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010dinnosti sv\u00e9ho \u0159emesla a ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota&#8220; &#8211; \u0161vadleny \u0161ij\u00ed, sluhov\u00e9 prost\u00edraj\u00ed st\u016fl, le\u0161t\u00ed boty a lid\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kultury se mohou v\u011bnovat du\u0161evn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ipravovat k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed nebo p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky. Z toho vznikla v\u00edra v dobr\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edtky, jak\u00e9si &#8222;dom\u00e1c\u00ed duchy&#8220;. Podle t\u00e9to v\u00edry v no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, kdy v\u0161ichni v dom\u011b sp\u00ed, vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 majitel\u00e9 nestihli dokon\u010dit b\u011bhem dne. Ve skute\u010dnosti samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pracuje jeden z \u010dlen\u016f rodiny nebo cel\u00e1 rodina.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">V roce 2008 se cel\u00fd sv\u011bt dozv\u011bd\u011bl o p\u0159\u00edpadu, kdy n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd ve snu projevil nad\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v bd\u011bl\u00e9m stavu nem\u011bl. Zdravotn\u00ed bratr Lee Hadwin kreslil ve snech vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, p\u0159esto\u017ee mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed nestudoval, a ve skute\u010dnosti se o um\u011bn\u00ed nezaj\u00edmal. \u010casto byl po probuzen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen t\u00edm, co se vyno\u0159ilo zpod jeho tu\u017eky. Nejd\u0159\u00edv po\u010dm\u00e1ral tapety a v\u0161echny p\u0159edm\u011bty s rovnou plochou, a pak, aby u\u0161et\u0159il byt, si za\u010dal vedle postele stav\u011bt stojan s pap\u00edrem. L\u00e9ka\u0159i z Centra pro poruchy sp\u00e1nku v Edinburghu se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh 33let\u00e9ho Leeho je jedine\u010dn\u00fd. Pot\u00e9, co se o n\u011bm dozv\u011bd\u011bli novin\u00e1\u0159i, na\u0161li se i tac\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed byli ochotni obrazy za velk\u00e9 pen\u00edze koupit. Necht\u011bn\u00fd um\u011blec v\u0161ak z ne\u010dekan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu velkou radost nem\u011bl.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&#8222;Je to hrozn\u00e9,&#8220; p\u0159iznal. &#8211; R\u00e1no se c\u00edt\u00edm \u00fapln\u011b vy\u010derpan\u00fd, je mi \u0161patn\u011b, mus\u00edm si lehnout do tmav\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, dokud nep\u0159ijdu k sob\u011b. (&#8230;) Spojen\u00ed s podv\u011bdom\u00edm ve sp\u00e1nku p\u0159edstavuje pro t\u011blo obrovskou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. Teprve potom se mohu pod\u00edvat na to, co jsem nakreslil, a ocenit to. Te\u010f jsem na terapii a sna\u017e\u00edm se zjistit, co vede m\u00e9 podv\u011bdom\u00ed k malov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee obrazy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z hloubi psychiky. M\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee by m\u011bly odhalovat mou temnou str\u00e1nku, ale j\u00e1 jsem m\u011bla to nej\u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011btstv\u00ed. I kdybych si pro\u0161la traumatick\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkem, dok\u00e1zala bych pochopit, co se se mnou d\u011bje.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1072\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku2-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku2-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku2.jpg 634w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. Lee Hadwin p\u00f3zuje novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm (Daily Mail, 7. b\u0159ezna 2008).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Nakonec v\u0161ak zv\u00edt\u011bzila chamtivost. Hadwin dal v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f a dodnes \u017eije z v\u00fdd\u011blk\u016f za sv\u00e9 obrazy a vychutn\u00e1v\u00e1 si ne\u010dekanou sl\u00e1vu. Koneckonc\u016f nevolnost a rann\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed je mal\u00e1 cena za bohatstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161lo z ni\u010deho nic. V minulosti za to um\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed se pro inspiraci uchylovali k absintu a drog\u00e1m, platili je\u0161t\u011b dr\u00e1\u017e, a\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li o \u017eivot a o rozum.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Bloud\u00edc\u00ed smrt<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">V lednu 2009 ode\u0161el Timothy Brueggemann z americk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Hayward (Wisconsin) z domova a u\u017e se nevr\u00e1til. Vy\u0161el ven ve sp\u00e1nku, kdy\u017e bylo venku -26 stup\u0148\u016f. T\u011blo 51let\u00e9ho elektrik\u00e1\u0159e bylo nalezeno 200 metr\u016f od domu: byl oble\u010den pouze do spodn\u00edho pr\u00e1dla a zem\u0159el na podchlazen\u00ed. Timothy byl \u010dasto n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd, dokonce sed\u011bl v takov\u00e9m stavu za volantem a narazil do zdi gar\u00e1\u017ee, ale tak sm\u011b\u0161nou smrt nikdo ne\u010dekal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk za volantem riskuje nejen sv\u016fj \u017eivot, ale i \u017eivoty ostatn\u00edch. Reflexy ve sp\u00e1nku jsou opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 a snadno se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee dojde k nehod\u011b. Neum\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u0159\u00eddit: v dubnu 2010 ujel star\u0161\u00ed Ma\u010far ve sp\u00e1nku 50 kilometr\u016f v protism\u011brn\u00e9m pruhu ru\u0161n\u00e9 d\u00e1lnice!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Jedna\u0161edes\u00e1tilet\u00fd Zsolt Nagy se probudil, kdy\u017e na ok\u00e9nko jeho auta zaklepala policie. Ti mu\u017ee v py\u017eamu dlouho sledovali, ale rozhodli se ho nezastavovat &#8211; n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se probud\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat ostr\u00fd man\u00e9vr a havarovat. Teprve kdy\u017e Zsolt zastavil auto na b\u0159ehu jezera a upadl do hlub\u0161\u00edho sp\u00e1nku, p\u0159e\u0161li policist\u00e9 k akci.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&#8222;T\u00e1ta je opravdov\u00fd n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edk, nem\u016f\u017ee si pomoct,&#8220; \u0159ekla policii Zsoltova dcera Judith Nagyov\u00e1. &#8211; &#8218;Sna\u017e\u00edme se ho samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zamknout v dom\u011b, ale on je schopen naj\u00edt kl\u00ed\u010de a s\u00e1m ve sp\u00e1nku vyj\u00edt ven. Tehdy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeho otec na\u0161el i kl\u00ed\u010de od auta.\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1074\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku3-300x222.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku3-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku3-768x567.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku3.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. T\u0159icetilet\u00e1 Anna Bogdanoffov\u00e1 z Los Angeles vy\u0161la ve sp\u00e1nku na silnici, ale v\u010das ji zachr\u00e1nili policist\u00e9 (&#8222;Mechanix Illustrated&#8220;, b\u0159ezen 1949).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Angli\u010dan Stephen Hearn m\u011bl o n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed: p\u0159i\u0161el o auto. V listopadu 2001 sjel ze silnice a narazil do stromu. Policie, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ijela na m\u00edsto, na\u0161la \u0159idi\u010de ve zni\u010den\u00e9m aut\u011b nezran\u011bn\u00e9ho a tvrd\u011b sp\u00edc\u00edho.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Probuzen\u00fd Hearn policii vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee sed\u011bl doma, d\u00edval se na televizi, a na nic dal\u0161\u00edho si nepamatoval. Jak se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1zalo, Stephen ve sp\u00e1nku za\u0161el do baru, vypil \u010dty\u0159i p\u016fllitry piva a usedl za volant. Barmanovi se jeho chov\u00e1n\u00ed nezd\u00e1lo nijak neobvykl\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Profesor Jean-Martin Charcot, u\u010ditel Sigmunda Freuda, opakovan\u011b pozoroval u sv\u00fdch pacient\u016f je\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady somnambulismu. Jedna \u017eena s mal\u00fdm d\u00edt\u011btem se ve sp\u00e1nku vrhla do vody a teprve tam se probudila. D\u00edt\u011b se nepoda\u0159ilo zachr\u00e1nit. Mlad\u00fd lokaj se pokusil ve sp\u00e1nku zab\u00edt svou pan\u00ed no\u017eem, ale na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed j\u00ed zp\u016fsobil jen lehk\u00e9 zran\u011bn\u00ed. Pak vzal revolver a zast\u0159elil slu\u017eebnou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ib\u011bhla na hluk. Lokaj se probudil s kou\u0159\u00edc\u00edm revolverem, a kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdomil, co ud\u011blal, pokusil se ut\u00e9ct. \u017deny, kter\u00e9 jako z\u00e1zrakem p\u0159e\u017eily, potvrdily, \u017ee pachatel m\u011bl o\u010di doko\u0159\u00e1n a jeho pohled byl zcela klidn\u00fd. Profesor vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016fm potvrdil, \u017ee pokus o atent\u00e1t provedl v nep\u0159\u00ed\u010detnosti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Dne 23. kv\u011btna 1987 si Kenneth Parks z Toronta splnil sen mnoha mu\u017e\u016f &#8211; zab\u00edt svou tchyni tak, aby se za to nic nestalo. Vstal ve stavu somnambulismu, nasedl do auta, odjel k p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm a tchyni ml\u00e1til \u017eelezem na pneumatiky tak dlouho, dokud neodjela na druh\u00fd konec sv\u011bta. Parks sv\u00e9ho tch\u00e1na, kter\u00fd se ho sna\u017eil zadr\u017eet, po\u0159ezal kuchy\u0148sk\u00fdm no\u017eem a u\u0161krtil ho do bezv\u011bdom\u00ed. Po sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed masakru se \u0161\u00edlenec vydal na policii, aby se udal. &#8222;Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee jsem n\u011bkoho zabil,&#8220; \u0159ekl Parks policist\u016fm. &#8211; &#8222;Ach, moje ruce!&#8220; Teprve kdy\u017e se probral ze snu, uv\u011bdomil si, \u017ee m\u00e1 ruce od krve: vrah b\u011bhem n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti nec\u00edtil \u017e\u00e1dnou bolest.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Parks\u016fv obh\u00e1jce b\u011bhem procesu prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd je nevinn\u00fd, proto\u017ee je n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd od d\u011btstv\u00ed, a v dob\u011b vra\u017edy si nebyl v\u011bdom toho, co d\u011bl\u00e1. K brut\u00e1ln\u00ed vra\u017ed\u011b nem\u011bl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd motiv &#8211; Kenneth nem\u011bl s tchyn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd spor a nemohl z jej\u00ed smrti z\u00edskat finan\u010dn\u00ed prosp\u011bch. Znalci potvrdili, \u017ee trp\u011bl n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost\u00ed a nedok\u00e1zal sv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku ovl\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Kenneth byl zpro\u0161t\u011bn viny, proto\u017ee soudce i porota byli s podobn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady obezn\u00e1meni. Ji\u017e v roce 1846 porota osvobodila Alberta Tyrrella, kter\u00fd pod\u0159\u00edzl hrdlo prostitutce Mary Ann Bickfordov\u00e9, zap\u00e1lil nev\u011bstinec a utekl. Obh\u00e1jce tvrdil, \u017ee Tyrrell byl chronick\u00fd n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edk a zlo\u010din sp\u00e1chal ve sp\u00e1nku. Prvn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed se b\u011bhem vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed potvrdilo, o druh\u00e9m v\u0161ak mnoz\u00ed pochybovali, ale Albert byl p\u0159esto propu\u0161t\u011bn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1075\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku4-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku4-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku4-768x982.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku4.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. &#8222;Bostonsk\u00e1 trag\u00e9die. Tyrrell zabil Mary Ann Bickfordovou.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Nejm\u00e9n\u011b 30 % n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed se dostali do rukou l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, se dok\u00e1zalo zranit, n\u011bco rozb\u00edt nebo n\u011bkoho napadnout. Medic\u00edna je u\u0161et\u0159ila rizika, \u017ee budou \u010delit mnohem hor\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>L\u00e1ska jako sen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Stres modern\u00edho \u017eivota a nov\u00e9 technologie vedly k nov\u00fdm typ\u016fm n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti. Kanad\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci identifikovali samostatn\u00fd druh n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti, kdy lid\u00e9 ve sp\u00e1nku soulo\u017e\u00ed, a r\u00e1no si nic nepamatuj\u00ed. Brzy byly noviny pln\u00e9 titulk\u016f s nov\u00fdm m\u00f3dn\u00edm slovem &#8211; &#8222;sexsomnie&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">D\u0159\u00edve se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b st\u00e1valo, \u017ee n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost kon\u010dila milostn\u00fdmi dobrodru\u017estv\u00edmi, ale nyn\u00ed se frekvence sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch styk\u016f b\u011bhem somnambulismu dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161ila. Je dobr\u00e9, kdy\u017e man\u017eel uprost\u0159ed noci n\u00e1hle za\u010dne obt\u011b\u017eovat svou \u017eenu nebo naopak, ale pokud osoba ve snu obt\u011b\u017euje d\u011bti, ostatn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 a ciz\u00ed lidi, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edpad skon\u010dit u soudu. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak\u00e9, \u017ee d\u00edvka p\u0159ijde ve snu k n\u011bkomu do postele a r\u00e1no, kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdom\u00ed, co se stalo, obvin\u00ed sv\u00e9ho partnera ze zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed &#8211; pr\u00fd byl vzh\u016fru a vyu\u017eil jej\u00ed bezbrannosti!<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1076\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1076\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1076\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku5-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku5-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku5-768x482.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_Rukojmi-spanku5.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1076\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 16px;\">Obr. &#8222;Vliv M\u011bs\u00edce na \u017eeny.&#8220; Francouzsk\u00e1 rytina z 18. stolet\u00ed.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Nejp\u0159ekvapiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad &#8222;sexsomnie&#8220; popsal v roce 2004 \u010dasopis New Scientist: \u017eena ode\u0161la v noci z domova, m\u011bla sex s ciz\u00edmi lidmi, a r\u00e1no si nic nepamatovala. Jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no nen\u00ed uvedeno &#8222;z d\u016fvodu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 etiky&#8220;. Man\u017eel nebo milenec chl\u00edpn\u00e9 \u017eeny (v \u010dl\u00e1nku ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako &#8222;partner&#8220;) za\u010dal m\u00edt podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bco nen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku, na\u0161el kondomy rozh\u00e1zen\u00e9 po k\u0159ov\u00ed a jednoho dne ji p\u0159istihl v jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 poloze s ciz\u00edm mu\u017eem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&#8222;Uv\u011bdomuji si, \u017ee to zn\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b,&#8220; \u0159ekl Peter Buchanan, specialista na sp\u00e1nek z Woolcockova institutu pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v Sydney. Testy v\u0161ak prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jeho pacientka skute\u010dn\u011b je n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e1, a da\u0159\u00ed se j\u00ed nep\u0159irozen\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm neodradit milence! Peterovi se poda\u0159ilo \u017eenu zbavit stresu bez pou\u017eit\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, na\u010de\u017e n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost ustala.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Ani zde v\u0161ak nejde o nic nov\u00e9ho. P\u0159edrevolu\u010dn\u00ed &#8222;Modr\u00fd den\u00edk&#8220; (1916, \u010d. 19) vypr\u00e1v\u011bl o zn\u00e1m\u00e9 &#8222;hrab\u011bnce N.&#8220; v Moskv\u011b. &#8222;Jakmile nad m\u011bstem vy\u0161el \u00fapln\u011bk&#8220;, opou\u0161t\u011bla z\u00e1mek, bloudila ulicemi a oslovovala kolemjdouc\u00ed mu\u017ee s neskromn\u00fdmi n\u00e1vrhy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&#8222;Takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady &#8218;sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti&#8216; byly pozorov\u00e1ny a jsou i nyn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1ny pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto,&#8220; p\u00ed\u0161e se d\u00e1le v \u010dasopise. \u2013 \u201eZaj\u00edmav\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh z roku 1884 o \u0161\u00edlenci, jist\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edkovi, mu\u017ei nepochybn\u011b posedl\u00e9m sexualitou, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak sv\u00e9 bludy projevoval v\u00fdhradn\u011b za m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch noc\u00ed, p\u0159i z\u00e1chvatech &#8222;n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti&#8220;. Tento p\u00e1n vedl v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b poustevnickou existenci. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 s nik\u00fdm se nest\u00fdkal, krom\u011b pracovn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a z nutnosti, vyh\u00fdbal se shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v davu a dokonce i hlu\u010dn\u00fdm ulic\u00edm a k \u017een\u00e1m se choval s takovou b\u00e1zlivost\u00ed, a\u017e strachem, p\u0159esn\u011b jako patn\u00e1ctilet\u00fd chlapec. Byl si jist\u00fd, \u017ee \u017eeny nezn\u00e1, a b\u011bhem sv\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed tento &#8222;mnich&#8220; h\u00fd\u0159il jako n\u011bjak\u00fd pas\u00e1k. Za m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch noc\u00ed se v jeho byt\u011b v tehdej\u0161\u00edm Petrohrad\u011b na Mochovsk\u00e9 ulici po\u0159\u00e1daly orgie, o nich\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00edci nemohli mluvit bez pocitu znechucen\u00ed a odporu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Francouzsk\u00fd profesor Dr. Ruval vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee v roce 1897 ho jeden novoman\u017eelsk\u00fd p\u00e1r po\u017e\u00e1dal o radu a pomoc. On byl n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd a d\u00edky podivn\u00e9mu rozmaru nemocn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka si na man\u017eelsk\u00e9 povinnosti vzpomn\u011bl a\u017e b\u011bhem &#8222;transu&#8220;. Oba byli zoufal\u00ed, ale nedok\u00e1zali si pomoci spole\u010dn\u00fdm tr\u00e1pen\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b psychologov\u00e9 potvrdili, \u017ee stres m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat &#8222;sexsomnii&#8220; u n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch nebo lid\u00ed se sklonem k somnambulismu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u00e1t\u00fd chronicky vystresovan\u00fd mu\u017e je &#8222;ohro\u017een&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">V roce 2005 byl poprv\u00e9 objeven dal\u0161\u00ed typ n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti: lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed j\u00ed trp\u00ed, pos\u00edlaj\u00ed ve sp\u00e1nku e-mailov\u00e9 nebo SMS zpr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Jako prvn\u00ed se do pov\u011bdom\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f dostala 44let\u00e1 \u0160pan\u011blka, kter\u00e1 b\u011bhem noci odeslala t\u0159i e-maily: &#8222;P\u0159ij\u010fte z\u00edtra vyzkou\u0161et mou krvavou d\u00edru. D\u00e1me si drink a ve \u010dty\u0159i hodiny ve\u010de\u0159i. Vezm\u011bte si s sebou jen v\u00edno a kavi\u00e1r.&#8220; R\u00e1no si na nic nepamatovala a byla p\u0159ekvapen\u00e1, kdy\u017e dostala od mu\u017e\u016f odpov\u011bdi. Kdy\u017e zkontrolovala po\u0161tu, zjistila, \u017ee ty hrav\u00e9, \u0161patn\u011b napsan\u00e9 a n\u00e1hodn\u011b napsan\u00e9 dopisy s velk\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny poslala dv\u011b hodiny pot\u00e9, co \u0161la sp\u00e1t! (Mu\u017ei se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b za chyby nestyd\u011bli &#8211; mnoho \u017een takto p\u00ed\u0161e, kdy\u017e jsou vzh\u016fru).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">L\u00e9ka\u0159i byli ohromeni: aby mohla dopis odeslat, musela zadat spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 heslo. Od t\u00e9 doby byl nejednou zaznamen\u00e1n nov\u00fd fenom\u00e9n, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 &#8222;zzz-komunikace&#8220;: lid\u00e9 obvykle pos\u00edlaj\u00ed dopisy a SMS sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho charakteru ve sp\u00e1nku, kv\u016fli \u010demu\u017e riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee se ocitnou v nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 situaci.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznakem \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed, i kdy\u017e du\u0161evn\u011b nemocn\u00ed jsou k somnambulismu n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e norm\u00e1ln\u00ed lid\u00e9. Podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch odhad\u016f jsou aktivn\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed 2-3 % dosp\u011bl\u00fdch a 10-15 % d\u011bt\u00ed. Rosalind Cartwrightov\u00e1 z Rush University Medical Centre (USA) uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee pokud vezmeme v \u00favahu d\u011bti s ojedin\u011bl\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnosti, lze po\u010det n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch bezpe\u010dn\u011b zdvojn\u00e1sobit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost d\u011bt\u00ed je velmi \u010dast\u00e1 a je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jev souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s v\u011bkem &#8211; pokud je d\u00edt\u011b zdrav\u00e9, n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost vrchol\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku puberty a odezn\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u011bku 15-16 let. Rodi\u010de by v\u0161ak nem\u011bli ne\u010dinn\u011b p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eet &#8211; tyto poruchy sp\u00e1nku mohou b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bny nen\u00e1padn\u00fdmi faktory, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u00fdchac\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 mandlemi nebo nosn\u00edmi mandlemi. Po jejich odstran\u011bn\u00ed jsou no\u010dn\u00ed proch\u00e1zky jakoby ru\u010dn\u011b odstran\u011bny. Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed riziko spavosti u d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">U zdrav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka ihned po usnut\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze pomal\u00fdch vln sp\u00e1nku, kter\u00e1 trv\u00e1 60-90 minut. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby sp\u00e1nek proch\u00e1z\u00ed 4 stadii &#8211; od povrchov\u00e9ho po nejhlub\u0161\u00ed. Tonus jeho sval\u016f je zachov\u00e1n, \u010dlov\u011bk \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed polohu, ale nesn\u00ed. Pro f\u00e1zi rychl\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku, kter\u00e1 nahrazuje pomal\u00fd sp\u00e1nek, je charakteristick\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech sval\u016f, krom\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 pohybuj\u00ed o\u010dima a podporuj\u00ed d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. Tehdy vid\u00edme sny, ale nem\u016f\u017eeme se h\u00fdbat, reagovat na n\u011b a ubli\u017eovat si. Tyto f\u00e1ze se b\u011bhem noci n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Somnambuln\u00ed z\u00e1chvaty se v\u017edy objevuj\u00ed b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku s pomal\u00fdmi vlnami, v okam\u017eiku, kdy je sp\u00e1nek nejhlub\u0161\u00ed. Pokud jsou k hlav\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka p\u0159ipojeny senzory zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed elektrickou aktivitu mozku, p\u0159\u00edstroje ukazuj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sm\u011bs sp\u00e1nku a bd\u011bn\u00ed. N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd m\u00e1 zapnut\u00e9 v\u0161echny smysly. O\u010di m\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e9, v\u0161echno sly\u0161\u00ed, vid\u00ed, c\u00edt\u00ed, udr\u017euje rovnov\u00e1hu t\u011bla ne h\u016f\u0159e a n\u011bkdy l\u00e9pe ne\u017e ve dne. Jeho smysl pro strach a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed je otupen\u00fd, tak\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e9st z\u00e1vratn\u00fd kousek, kter\u00e9ho by se v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b neodv\u00e1\u017eil. \u0160\u00edlencova mysl v\u0161ak d\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 spolu s mozkovou k\u016frou: chod\u00ed ve stavu soumraku bez sn\u016f a nen\u00ed schopen si vzpomenout, co se mu stalo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">U lid\u00ed geneticky predisponovan\u00fdch k somnambulismu, zejm\u00e9na u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost za\u017eili v d\u011btstv\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee z\u00e1chvat vyvolat nedostatek sp\u00e1nku kv\u016fli pr\u00e1ci a studiu, hlasit\u00e9 zvuky nebo jasn\u00e1 sv\u011btla b\u011bhem pomalovlnn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze sp\u00e1nku, stres, u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v kombinaci s alkoholem nebo k\u00e1vou. Pokud vylou\u010d\u00edte vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed faktory a vr\u00e1t\u00edte se k b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu denn\u00edmu re\u017eimu, n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost u v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed brzy skon\u010d\u00ed. Pokud to v\u0161e nepom\u00e1h\u00e1, je t\u0159eba zaj\u00edt k l\u00e9ka\u0159i &#8211; i kdy\u017e nech\u00e1pe, co n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost zp\u016fsobuje, p\u0159edep\u00ed\u0161e v\u00e1m l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd uvol\u0148uje svaly a zkracuje f\u00e1ze pomalovlnn\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku (klonazepam nebo diazepam). Po u\u017eit\u00ed tohoto l\u00e9ku se riziko vst\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem noci v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">B\u011bhem l\u00e9\u010dby by se m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed a bl\u00edzc\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 o n\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9ho postarat &#8211; odkl\u00e1dat nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, zamykat dve\u0159e a okna. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ed jeho postel rad\u011bji umyvadlo s vodou nebo mokr\u00fd hadr: \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se dostane do vody, se obvykle probud\u00ed. Pokud &#8222;minu&#8220; obejde, vyplat\u00ed se koupit pohybov\u00e9 \u010didlo, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s upozorn\u00ed, \u017ee je doty\u010dn\u00fd vzh\u016fru. N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9ho nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 budit, sta\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e si s n\u00edm v klidu promluv\u00edte a pom\u016f\u017eete mu vr\u00e1tit se zp\u011bt do postele (tato dovednost je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho programu pro hotelov\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Somnambulismus u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch je porucha, kterou lze a je t\u0159eba l\u00e9\u010dit nebo minimalizovat. Jen tak budou moci posti\u017een\u00ed klidn\u011b sp\u00e1t s v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee se neprobud\u00ed pod oknem se zlomen\u00fdmi kostmi nebo ve vyrabovan\u00e9m dom\u011b se zakrv\u00e1cen\u00fdm no\u017eem v ruce.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Jste si jist\u00ed, \u017ee v noci nechod\u00edte ven?!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Michail Ger\u0161tejn, \u2022 04.11.2023<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>UFO-COM B\u011blorusko<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V klidu si jdeme odpo\u010dinout, vyspat se a nabrat s\u00edly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8,13,12],"tags":[60,15,81,51],"class_list":["post-1071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","category-zazitky","category-zdravi-2","tag-clovek","tag-sny","tag-spanek","tag-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1071"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1077,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071\/revisions\/1077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}