{"id":1117,"date":"2023-11-16T00:00:57","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T23:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=1117"},"modified":"2023-12-20T01:09:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T00:09:56","slug":"lidske-obeti-myty-a-pravda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/11\/16\/lidske-obeti-myty-a-pravda\/","title":{"rendered":"Lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti: m\u00fdty a pravda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Pokud nechcete br\u00e1t v \u00favahu mytologick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, pak historici vyd\u011blili asi 25 kultur, kter\u00e9 \u00fazce souvisej\u00ed s lidsk\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u201eNad etick\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami Atlan\u0165an\u016f vl\u00e1ly obrazy nemilosrdn\u00fdch a chamtiv\u00fdch boh\u016f, a v jejich kultu hr\u00e1l d\u016fle\u017eitou roli ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed kanibalismus,\u201c<\/em> &#8211; napsal ve sv\u00e9m mystick\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>\u201eR\u016f\u017ee sv\u011bta\u201c<\/em> rusk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00edk a vizion\u00e1\u0159 <em>Daniel Andrejev<\/em> (1906-1959).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokud nechcete br\u00e1t v \u00favahu mytologick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, pak historici vyd\u011blili asi 25 kultur, kter\u00e9 \u00fazce souvisej\u00ed s lidsk\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1118 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obeti_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obeti_1.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obeti_1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Archeologick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky nepotvrdily d\u00e1vn\u00e9 legendy o krvav\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily kv\u016fli diskreditaci soupe\u0159\u016f (nap\u0159. <em>Julius C\u00e9sar<\/em> o <em>Galech),<\/em> nebo k v\u00fdchovn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm <em>(Plutarch<\/em> o zvyku Spar\u0165an\u016f vrhat z \u00fatesu vadn\u00e9 novorozence), a tak d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011btech, v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s archeologick\u00fdmi \u00fadaji, ztratily sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, nebo sv\u00e1d\u011bly k ojedin\u011bl\u00fdm exces\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti byly vykon\u00e1v\u00e1ny na \u00fazem\u00ed Evropy b\u011bhem ran\u00e9ho paleolitu. Ob\u011bti byly vybr\u00e1ny podle v\u011bku, pohlav\u00ed a fyzick\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. Na mnoha archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch lze nal\u00e9zt mezi kuchy\u0148sk\u00fdm odpadem lidsk\u00e9 kosti. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee tyto lidi sn\u011bdli, ale jak dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee se jednalo o ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, ne\u017e za d\u016fsledek hladu?<\/p>\n<p>V \u00e9\u0159e dynastie <em>Shang<\/em> se uskute\u010dnilo neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch vra\u017ed. V roce 1928 bylo na m\u00edst\u011b posledn\u00edho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta dynastie, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v bl\u00edzkosti dne\u0161n\u00edho m\u011bsta Anyang v provincii <em>Che-nan,<\/em> objeveny v ob\u011btn\u00edch jam\u00e1ch poz\u016fstatky 13 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, hlavn\u011b mu\u017e\u016f ve v\u011bku 15 a\u017e 35 let. A\u017e do XVII. stolet\u00ed, byli spole\u010dn\u011b s \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm c\u00edsa\u0159em poh\u0159beni jeho p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e necht\u011bli \u017e\u00edt po smrti sv\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1120 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obetii-azt2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"120\" height=\"82\" \/>V azt\u00e9ck\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu ve m\u011bst\u011b <em>Tenochtitlan<\/em> byly nalezeny poz\u016fstatky \u201ezdi lebek\u201c, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd stojan, na kter\u00e9m se ve\u0159ejn\u011b vystavovaly lebky v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f nebo ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed. Conquistado\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed zni\u010dili civilizaci Azt\u00e9k\u016f do z\u00e1klad\u016f, pou\u017eili tyto \u00fadaje jako argument k ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed brutality.<\/p>\n<p>Ob\u011bti Ink\u016f nikdy nedos\u00e1hly takov\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f, jak\u00e9 se d\u011bly u jejich azt\u00e9ck\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f. Prov\u00e1d\u011bly je jen ve v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e zem\u0159el Inka nebo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u0161lechtic, pak s n\u00edm ode\u0161ly i jeho man\u017eelky a slu\u017eebnictvo. D\u016fvodem pro ob\u011bti byl n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd ob\u0159ad \u201epovinnosti panovn\u00edka\u201c nebo \u201evelk\u00fd hold\u201c, kter\u00fd se konal v kritick\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch \u017eivota v Inck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1121 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obetii-azt3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obetii-azt3.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obetii-azt3-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ve m\u011bst\u011b <em>Chich\u00e9n Itz\u00e1<\/em> sta\u0159\u00ed Mayov\u00e9 obarvili sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti mod\u0159e a zasv\u011btili je sv\u00e9mu bohu blesk\u016f, de\u0161t\u011b a vody <em>Chacu,<\/em> a pot\u00e9 byli hozeni do studny. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee pouze ve v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 hra, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd doklad maysk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed, kon\u010dila zbaven\u00edm \u017eivota hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f t\u00fdmu, kter\u00fd prohr\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1119 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obetii-azt0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"436\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obetii-azt0.jpg 436w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obetii-azt0-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cp_lidske-obetii-azt0-130x90.jpg 130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>D\u011bjiny lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m <em>Egypt\u011b<\/em> sah\u00e1 asi 5000 let do minulosti. Prvn\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed byly nalezeny v hrobech prvn\u00edch faraon\u016f na <em>Abydosu,<\/em> kter\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b slou\u017eilo hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto a kultovn\u00ed centrum <em>Osirise,<\/em> boha podsv\u011bt\u00ed. Tato praxe postupn\u011b zanikala, a\u017e \u00fapln\u011b vymizela do doby v\u00fdstavby pyramid v <em>G\u00edze<\/em> zhruba p\u0159ed 4500 lety.<\/p>\n<p>V chr\u00e1mu, zasv\u011bcen\u00e9m bohyni <em>Kamakhya<\/em> (nyn\u00ed v indick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b <em>Assam),<\/em> praktikovali lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti a\u017e do XIX. stolet\u00ed, ne\u017e to bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no britskou vl\u00e1dou v roce 1832. V roce 1565 bylo 140 ob\u011bt\u00ed zkr\u00e1ceno o hlavu, a to jen p\u0159i jednom ob\u0159adu. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165 byla zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm samotn\u00e9ho <em>\u0160iwy.<\/em> Existoval i dal\u0161\u00ed krvav\u00fd indick\u00fd ritu\u00e1l \u2013 ob\u011bti u <em>Gond\u016f<\/em> ud\u00e1vili, nakr\u00e1jeli na kousky, a pak poh\u0159bili tam, kde cht\u011bli zv\u00fd\u0161it plodnost.<\/p>\n<p>V XVI. stolet\u00ed <em>Japonci<\/em> kone\u010dn\u011b odm\u00edtli prov\u00e1d\u011bt starobyl\u00fd ritu\u00e1l lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti hitobashira (\u201e\u017eiv\u00fd sloup\u201c), kdy byla ob\u011b\u0165 za\u017eiva zazd\u011bna v jednom z pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f budouc\u00ed stavby. Tento ritu\u00e1l m\u011bl chr\u00e1nit budovu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a jin\u00fdch katastrof. Starov\u011bk\u00e9 zdroje nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti se prov\u00e1d\u011bly i v \u010dasn\u00e9 historii \u0158\u00edma.<\/p>\n<p>V mytologii mongolsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f je jedna z du\u0161\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka spojena s jeho \u017eivotem a duchovn\u00ed silou, nazvan\u00e1 \u201es\u00fclde\u201c (\u201educh, \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edla\u201c). S\u00fclde vl\u00e1dce je duchem \u2013 str\u00e1\u017ecem n\u00e1roda. B\u011bhem v\u00e1lek se zvy\u0161oval bojovn\u00fd duch arm\u00e1dy <em>s\u00fclde<\/em> lidsk\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keltov\u00e9<\/em> \u2013 to byl obecn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed skupiny, nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byli tzv. Galov\u00e9. Popis lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed u Kelt\u016f popisovali jejich nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 \u0158\u00edman\u00e9, s c\u00edlem je zdiskreditovat jako barbary.<\/p>\n<p>Potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi ob\u011btmi se mohou i v sou\u010dasnosti st\u00e1t nap\u0159. <em>alb\u00ednov\u00e9<\/em> v Tanzanii, kde je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed magick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly s pou\u017eit\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bl alb\u00edn\u016f. Podle materi\u00e1l\u016f v The Guardian, v roce 2015 zde policie zatkla asi 32 l\u00e9\u010ditel\u016f \u2013 \u010darod\u011bj\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edleli na takov\u00e9m ob\u0159adu nebo p\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010d\u00e1stmi lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokud nechcete br\u00e1t v \u00favahu mytologick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy, pak historici vyd\u011blili asi 25 kultur, kter\u00e9 \u00fazce souvisej\u00ed s lidsk\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,5],"tags":[60,52,19],"class_list":["post-1117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory","category-souvislosti","tag-clovek","tag-historie","tag-smrt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1117"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1122,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1117\/revisions\/1122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}