{"id":112,"date":"2023-03-05T00:53:06","date_gmt":"2023-03-04T23:53:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=112"},"modified":"2024-01-26T02:19:02","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T01:19:02","slug":"jsme-vsichni-od-prirody-senzibilove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/03\/05\/jsme-vsichni-od-prirody-senzibilove\/","title":{"rendered":"Jsme v\u0161ichni od p\u0159\u00edrody senzibilov\u00e9?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Na\u0161i p\u0159edci z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu c\u00edtili elektrick\u00e9 a magnetick\u00e9 pole<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\n<strong>Kompas v hlav\u011b &#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci z l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty University v Massachusetts zjistili, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk mohl c\u00edtit magnetick\u00e9 pole, a proto by se mohl orientovat i bez kompasu. T\u0159eba jako holub. Jako by m\u011bl zabudovan\u00fd kompas uvnit\u0159 oka. A ten je st\u00e1le funk\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>O\u010di pt\u00e1k\u016f, savc\u016f a hmyzu jsou vybaveny zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm proteinem cryptochromem, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje reagovat na magnetick\u00e9 pole. A je i u lid\u00ed, ale nefunguje. P\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm ne se stejnou silou jako u jeho men\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Neurobiolog <em>Steven M. Reppert<\/em> (1) vymyslel experiment, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl naj\u00edt z\u00e1klady \u0161est\u00e9ho smyslu u \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n<p>Vytr\u00e9noval l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed mouchy prozkoumat bludi\u0161t\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se orientovaly v um\u011bl\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9m poli.<\/p>\n<p>Mouchy znovu a znovu \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zvl\u00e1dli zad\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u00edky &#8222;magnetick\u00e9mu&#8220; proteinu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdec je v\u0161ak zbavil <em>cryptochromu.<\/em> A ty se pak ji\u017e v bludi\u0161ti p\u0159estaly orientovat.<\/p>\n<p>A pot\u00e9 Reppert dodal stejn\u00fdm mouch\u00e1m lidsk\u00fd <em>&#8222;magnetick\u00fd&#8220;<\/em> protein. A dovednosti prolet\u011bt bludi\u0161t\u011bm se jim vr\u00e1tily. Mouchy \u00fapln\u011b <em>&#8222;magneticky&#8220;<\/em> proz\u0159ely.<\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i lidsk\u00fd protein pln\u00ed stejnou funkci. Ale pln\u00e9 funkce z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu nedosahuje.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br neurobiologa je jasn\u00fd &#8211; p\u0159\u00edroda lidi vybavila citlivost\u00ed na magnetick\u00e9 pole.<\/p>\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, tato citlivost, kterou byli p\u016fvodn\u011b vybaveni na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9, byla ztracena v pr\u016fb\u011bhu evoluce. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee \u0161est\u00fd smysl se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fdm. A lidem sta\u010dilo zbyl\u00fdch p\u011bt.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201e\u0160est\u00fd smysl u lid\u00ed st\u00e1le je,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Reppert. <em>\u201eTo je nutn\u00e9 uznat. Ale jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bychom pou\u017e\u00edvali magnetick\u00fd smysl, dosud nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>A s amp\u00e9rmetrem<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00fdvoje v\u0161ech obratlovc\u016f tito vn\u00edmali elektrick\u00e9 pole. U toho nejstar\u0161\u00edho obratlovce to tak bylo, jak objevili ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci.<br \/>\nDrav\u00e1 mo\u0159sk\u00e1 ryba, kter\u00e1 \u017eila p\u0159ed 500 mili\u00f3ny let, byla vybavena speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi bu\u0148kami, <em>elektroreceptory.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se tato ryba nach\u00e1zela v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m evolu\u010dn\u00edm vztahu se 30 tis\u00edci druhy \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch dnes Zemi. V\u010detn\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n<p>Ukazuje se, \u017ee i kdy\u017e velmi daleko, i n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159edek m\u011bl tyto schopnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Objev u\u010dinil <em>Willy Bemis<\/em> (2), vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu, profesor ekologie a evolu\u010dn\u00ed biologie na <em>Cornellov\u011b universit\u011b<\/em>. Do\u0161el k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 modern\u00ed druhy s \u0161est\u00fdm smyslem, jako je ptakopysk nebo mravene\u010dn\u00edk, jej nevyvinuli v pr\u016fb\u011bhu evoluce.<\/p>\n<p>Naopak, zachovali tuto zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00fapravu ze &#8222;z\u00e1kladn\u00edho nastaven\u00ed&#8220;, dan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodou.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00fdm druh\u016fm se v\u0161ak tato schopnost n\u011bjak ztratila.<\/p>\n<p>Podle m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed <em>Bemise,<\/em> ztratily se pouze ur\u010dit\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, ale odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed geny pro zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed smyslov\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, nezmizely beze stopy. Jen nejsou aktivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee i u lid\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b d\u0159\u00edmaj\u00ed tyto schopnosti. Ale ti je ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. A pokud je nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed, nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, pak se nerozv\u00edjej\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Odkazy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) Steven M. Reppert &#8211; Wikipedia, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steven_M._Reppert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steven_M._Reppert<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(2) William Bemis | Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (cornell.edu), <a href=\"https:\/\/ecologyandevolution.cornell.edu\/william-bemis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ecologyandevolution.cornell.edu\/william-bemis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na\u0161i p\u0159edci z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu c\u00edtili elektrick\u00e9 a magnetick\u00e9 pole<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[21],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-vedomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}