{"id":1124,"date":"2023-11-27T00:46:14","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T23:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=1124"},"modified":"2023-12-20T01:50:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T00:50:19","slug":"krev-cesnek-a-dubovy-kul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/11\/27\/krev-cesnek-a-dubovy-kul\/","title":{"rendered":"Krev, \u010desnek a dubov\u00fd k\u016fl"},"content":{"rendered":"

Up\u00ed\u0159i jsou nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postavy odv\u011bk\u00e9 hr\u016fzy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00edky filmov\u00fdm i liter\u00e1rn\u00edm horor\u016fm je znaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 i nemluv\u0148ata. Nen\u00ed ale po\u0161etil\u00e9 vytahovat na sv\u011btlo tak naivn\u00ed v\u00fdmysl a pov\u011bru a hledat v n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 zrnka pravdy? Co vlastn\u011b kdysi vid\u011bli lovci up\u00edr\u016f, kdy\u017e odsunovali n\u00e1hrobky a rozb\u00edjeli v\u00edka od rakv\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Pov\u011bstn\u00e1 bled\u00e1 vyz\u00e1bl\u00e1 postava s dlouh\u00fdmi zuby dnes u\u017e ztratila svou p\u016fsobivost a neslavn\u011b skon\u010dila ve spole\u010dnosti poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9 klek\u00e1nice \u010di hejkala. Mohla by d\u011bsit nanejv\u00fd\u0161 tak d\u011bti na \u0161koln\u00edch ma\u0161karn\u00edch plesech. O\u017eivl\u00e1 mrtvola opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u016fj hrob aby pokousala sp\u00edc\u00ed lidi je dnes ka\u017ed\u00e9mu k sm\u00edchu.
\nAle pozor! Historick\u00e9 prameny n\u00e1s st\u00e1le d\u016frazn\u011bji p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed o tom, \u017ee up\u00ed\u0159i nejsou jenom stra\u0161idla vymy\u0161len\u00e1 d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi romanopisci, ale \u017ee prokazateln\u011b kdysi \u0159\u00e1dili, a to nejen v dalek\u00e9 Transylv\u00e1nii – zemi Drakuly, ale i u n\u00e1s, v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b. Nev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed Tom\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e9 se o tom mohou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit ve star\u00fdch kronik\u00e1ch, t\u0159eba od V\u00e1clava H\u00e1jka z Libo\u010dan nebo opata Neplacha. A do\u010dtou se tam i o up\u00edrk\u00e1ch! Tak t\u0159eba: \u201eRoku 1334 zem\u0159ela v Lev\u00edn\u011b \u017eena hrn\u010d\u00ed\u0159e Duch\u00e1\u010de, jm\u00e9nem Brodka. Hned po poh\u0159bu vst\u00e1vala z hrobu, mnoh\u00e9 lidi d\u00e1vila a po ka\u017ed\u00e9m sk\u00e1kala. Kdy\u017e byla probita t\u0159emi ol\u0161ov\u00fdmi k\u016fly, krev z n\u00ed tak velmi tekla jako z hovada n\u011bjak\u00e9ho. P\u0159edt\u00edm spolkla sv\u016fj \u0161loj\u00ed\u0159 a\u017e do polovice, a kdy\u017e se z \u00fast vyt\u00e1hl, byl v\u0161ecek krvav\u00fd.\u201c<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b se psalo o jin\u00e9 \u017een\u011b z Vala\u0161sk\u00e9ho Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u201ev hrob\u011b mlaskala jak svin\u011b. Kdy\u017e ji vykopali, byla \u010derven\u00e1, kyp\u00edc\u00ed masem a krv\u00ed, koulela o\u010dima a na hrobn\u00edka se o\u0161kl\u00edbala. P\u0159izvali na ni zakl\u00edna\u010de, ale zl\u00e1mala mu vaz, nebo\u0165 neznal spr\u00e1vn\u011b zakl\u00ednac\u00ed formuli. Vyvezli ji tedy za m\u011bsto, \u017ee ji sp\u00e1l\u00ed, ale je\u0161t\u011b na k\u00e1\u0159e vypila p\u016fl v\u011bdra piva ur\u010den\u00e9ho k hostin\u011b po jej\u00edm sp\u00e1len\u00ed. Ve vesnici nastal op\u011bt klid, a\u017e teprve kdy\u017e byla roz\u010dtvrcena a vhozena do ohn\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n

Pravda je, \u017ee ty nejstar\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1pisy z kronik dnes vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e \u00fasm\u011bv ne\u017e hr\u016fzu. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kdy\u017e se do\u010dteme, \u017ee z hrobu up\u00edra se \u010dasto oz\u00fdvalo mlask\u00e1n\u00ed, jak v rakvi ohlod\u00e1val sv\u00e9 t\u011blo, \u017ev\u00fdkal rub\u00e1\u0161 a nesetlel\u00fdmi \u00fasty vys\u00e1val masit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u00fdch prsou. Pron\u00e1sledoval pr\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, n\u011bkdy se honil i za pocestn\u00fdmi, volaje: \u201eOj, maso chci, oj maso chci!\u201c Zkr\u00e1tka, m\u011bl jen m\u00e1lo spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s ponur\u00fdm, mnohdy naivn\u00edm vzez\u0159en\u00edm jeho filmov\u00e9ho kolegy. Nenosil \u010dern\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a nebyl ani huben\u00fd a bled\u00fd. Naopak, byl odul\u00fd a k\u016f\u017ei m\u011bl \u010dervenou, jakoby krev, kterou poz\u0159el, vypl\u0148ovala ka\u017edou bu\u0148ku jeho t\u011bla. Vykopan\u00fd up\u00edr, past\u00fd\u0159 Myslata ze vsi Blov u Kadan\u011b \u201ebyl nadut krv\u00ed jako m\u011bch,\u201c up\u00edr Grando ze Slovenska \u201em\u011bl tv\u00e1\u0159 zcela \u010dervenou, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala, jako by se sm\u00e1la,\u201c a pitva up\u00edrky Stany z Medv\u011bdije v Srbsku, proveden\u00e1 v roce 1732 l\u00e9ka\u0159i a vojensk\u00fdmi d\u016fstojn\u00edky uk\u00e1zala \u201ein cavitate pectoris mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010derstv\u00e9 krve\u2026 jako i v plic\u00edch, j\u00e1trech, \u017ealudku i ostatn\u00edch vnit\u0159nostech.\u201c<\/p>\n

Probijte ho k\u016flem<\/strong><\/p>\n

I zne\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed up\u00edra tehdy vypadalo pon\u011bkud jinak, ne\u017e n\u00e1m popisuj\u00ed horory. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00ed vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed lovci up\u00edr\u016f pl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se s d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm k\u016flem p\u0159i sv\u011btle pochodn\u00ed zatuchlou hrobkou k rakvi s mrtvolou. Naopak bylo to docela z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 divadlo, kter\u00e9ho se \u010dasto z\u00fa\u010dastnili v\u0161ichni vesni\u010dan\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 kon\u010d\u00edvalo hostinou a pitkou. Vykopan\u00e9 t\u011blo obvykle p\u0159evezli na k\u00e1\u0159e bu\u010f na popravi\u0161t\u011b, nebo mimo obec n\u011bkam na kraj lesa. Mrtvole pak probodli srdce ostr\u00fdm dubov\u00fdm k\u016flem, ruce sv\u00e1zali za z\u00e1dy, hlavu urazili krump\u00e1\u010dem a polo\u017eili k noh\u00e1m, \u00fasta vycpali \u010desnekem nebo kamen\u00edm. Ve zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u00faporn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bylo nutno t\u011blo sp\u00e1lit a popel zahrabat do vykopan\u00e9 j\u00e1my. N\u00e1sledovala veselice, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e byli v\u0161ichni p\u0159\u00edtomni ho\u0161t\u011bni pivem na \u00fatraty up\u00edrov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed si zaslou\u017e\u00ed i tehdej\u0161\u00ed metody zne\u0161kod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nesmrteln\u00e9ho vys\u00e1va\u010de krve. V hororech se do\u010dteme, \u017ee p\u0159i prora\u017een\u00ed jeho srdce dubov\u00fdm k\u016flem se jeho t\u011blo rozpadlo v prach. Tak to pochopiteln\u011b b\u00fdt nemohlo. Pov\u011bstn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 star\u00fdch lovc\u016f up\u00edr\u016f – d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd k\u016fl, m\u011bl jen jeden v\u00fdznam. Dr\u017eet up\u00edra na jednom m\u00edst\u011b tak, aby nemohl vst\u00e1t. Musel b\u00fdt tedy zatlu\u010den p\u0159es t\u011blo a\u017e do zem\u011b. Odseknut\u00edm hlavy, kde je v\u011bt\u0161ina smyslov\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f, m\u011bl b\u00fdt up\u00edr zbaven mo\u017enosti vid\u011bn\u00ed, sly\u0161en\u00ed \u010di v\u011bt\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9 ko\u0159isti, a schopnosti ji pron\u00e1sledovat. Aby si hlavu nemohl znovu nasadit, pokl\u00e1dala se k jeho noh\u00e1m. Ale jenom sp\u00e1len\u00edm cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla se podle okultn\u00ed v\u00edry zni\u010dila up\u00edrova zl\u00e1 podstata. V\u00edme ale, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00fd ohe\u0148 nem\u011bl tak vysokou teplotu, aby jeho t\u011blo mohl zm\u011bnit na popel, tak\u017ee t\u011blo ve skute\u010dnosti pouze oho\u0159elo.<\/p>\n

Up\u00ed\u0159\u00ed h\u0159bitov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jsou podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy z kronik pravdiv\u00e9, nebo byly p\u016fvodn\u011b my\u0161leny jen jako \u010dern\u00fd humor? S jistotou m\u016f\u017eeme odpov\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee jsou pravdiv\u00e9. Dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed n\u00e1m to archeologick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky – n\u00e1lezy hrob\u016f s protivampyrick\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahy na mrtvol\u00e1ch, proveden\u00fdch del\u0161\u00ed dobu po poh\u0159bu. Ne tedy p\u0159ed poh\u0159bem pouze z preventivn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, z pov\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9ho strachu, aby se mrtv\u00fd up\u00edrem nestal, jak se dnes sna\u017e\u00ed tvrdit n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed skeptici. Hroby byly prokazateln\u011b znovu otev\u00edr\u00e1ny. P\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu pov\u011bstn\u00e9ho archeologick\u00e9ho n\u00e1lezu „up\u00ed\u0159\u00edho h\u0159bitova“ v \u010cel\u00e1kovic\u00edch odborn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee protivampyrick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy na mrtvol\u00e1ch byly provedeny nejm\u00e9n\u011b za dva a\u017e t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce po poh\u0159bu.<\/p>\n

To se skute\u010dn\u011b ned\u00e1 odb\u00fdt pouh\u00fdm m\u00e1vnut\u00edm ruky. K exhumaci musel b\u00fdt v\u017edy jen v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd d\u016fvod. Nejen c\u00edrkev, ale i \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed moc dohl\u00ed\u017eela na to, aby zbyte\u010dn\u011b nedoch\u00e1zelo k przn\u011bn\u00ed hrob\u016f a hanoben\u00ed mrtvol. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm museli potvrdit v\u011brohodn\u00ed sv\u011bdci, \u017ee mrtv\u00fd skute\u010dn\u011b sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed ohro\u017eoval. Po exhumaci bylo nutno vykopanou mrtvolu vy\u0161et\u0159it, zda m\u00e1 zn\u00e1mky up\u00edrstv\u00ed. Poznalo se to u\u017e podle vzhledu. Byla-li jako \u017eiv\u00e1, bez stop hniloby a s \u00fasty pln\u00fdmi tekut\u00e9 krve, mohla se p\u0159edat katovi.<\/p>\n

Najdeme vysv\u011btlen\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bda existenci up\u00edr\u016f rezolutn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1. Pro p\u0159\u00edpady exhumac\u00ed naprosto nezetlel\u00fdch t\u011bl pln\u00fdch tekut\u00e9 krve nakonec horko t\u011b\u017eko n\u011bjak\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed na\u0161la. Ale kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk jednou zem\u0159e, nem\u016f\u017ee se p\u0159ece ji\u017e nijak projevovat a tedy ani \u0161kodit. Pro\u010d je tedy vyhrab\u00e1vali a likvidovali? Co to bylo za zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed lidi, ti up\u00ed\u0159i? Postupn\u011b vznikla cel\u00e1 \u0159ada r\u016fzn\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z od \u010dist\u011b okultn\u00edch, a\u017e po racionalistick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Podle okultist\u016f se up\u00edrem st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se nau\u010dil zhmot\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 astr\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011blo a dovede je zadr\u017eet i po smrti u sv\u00e9 mrtvoly, aby ji z\u00e1sobovala \u010derstvou krv\u00ed z jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Na zhmot\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed astr\u00e1ln\u00edho t\u011bla ale v\u011b\u0159\u00ed jen m\u00e1lokdo, a tak se objevilo p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Nejedn\u00e1 se pr\u00fd o vys\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed krve, ale \u017eivotn\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00ed se sna\u017eili vysv\u011btlit up\u00edrstv\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Jednalo se pr\u00fd o poh\u0159ben\u00ed zd\u00e1nliv\u011b zem\u0159el\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed v hrob\u011b procitli, svou intensivn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou p\u016fsobili na sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 a zn\u00e1m\u00e9, a jak se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebezpe\u010d\u00ed \u017eivota, vyvolali u nich telepatick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou halucinaci. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrdili, \u017ee tento zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed stav mezi \u017eivotem a definitivn\u00ed smrt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed trvat hodn\u011b dlouho.<\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00fd badatel Josef G\u0151rres vypracoval cel\u00e9 \u201ev\u011bdeck\u00e9\u201c pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed o up\u00edrech, teoretizuj\u00edc\u00ed o jejich biologick\u00fdch pochodech a l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b. Podle n\u011bho v rakvi nele\u017e\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk s tlukouc\u00edm srdcem a teplou krv\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e jak\u00fdsi zoofyt, v n\u011bm\u017e bezv\u011bdom\u011b koluje krev jako chladn\u00e1 rostlinn\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1va. Pomalu stoup\u00e1 v\u00e9nami k srdci a pak zvolna kles\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Art\u00e9rie up\u00edra se podobaj\u00ed c\u00e9v\u00e1m rostlin, vedouc\u00edm ke ko\u0159en\u016fm. Nas\u00e1vaj\u00ed vlhkost z prost\u0159ed\u00ed hrobu, nasycuj\u00ed j\u00ed t\u011blo a op\u011bt vym\u011b\u0161uj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 sekrety a organick\u00e9 \u00fatvary toho nejspodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho druhu. Otylost up\u00edr\u016f se podob\u00e1 bujn\u00e9mu vzr\u016fstu rostlin n\u00e1hodou vyrostl\u00fdch v hlubin\u00e1ch sklepen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou vybledl\u00e9, ale p\u0159itom \u0161irok\u00e9, tu\u010dn\u00e9 a du\u017enat\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dnes u\u017e jen t\u011b\u017eko budeme hledat pro p\u0159\u00edpady up\u00edrstv\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed a zji\u0161\u0165ovat, jak to v\u0161echno ve skute\u010dnosti bylo. S postupn\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm poh\u0159bu \u017eehem tyto p\u0159\u00edpady vymizely a n\u00e1m tak z\u016fstaly jen dohady.<\/p>\n

Ivan Mackerle (1942-2013)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Up\u00ed\u0159i jsou nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postavy odv\u011bk\u00e9 hr\u016fzy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1064,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,6,5],"tags":[69],"class_list":["post-1124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory","category-poltergeist","category-souvislosti","tag-upir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1125,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1124\/revisions\/1125"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}