{"id":1175,"date":"2024-12-20T00:08:40","date_gmt":"2024-12-19T23:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=1175"},"modified":"2024-12-01T21:03:35","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T20:03:35","slug":"lhare-skutecne-poznate-podle-nosu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2024\/12\/20\/lhare-skutecne-poznate-podle-nosu\/","title":{"rendered":"Lh\u00e1\u0159e skute\u010dn\u011b pozn\u00e1te podle nosu"},"content":{"rendered":"

„Pinocchi\u016fv efekt“ funguje: nejjist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mka toho, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk l\u017ee, byla nalezena. Poh\u00e1dkov\u00e1 postava se uk\u00e1zala jako prorok.<\/strong>
\nKdy\u017e Pinocchio lhal, nat\u00e1hl se mu nos. Jak ned\u00e1vno zjistili \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci z Granadsk\u00e9 univerzity, v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b – u lid\u00ed – se v\u0161e d\u011bje p\u0159esn\u011b naopak. Lh\u00e1\u0159\u016fv nos se zmen\u0161uje. Metamorf\u00f3za nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm okem viditeln\u00e1. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak existuje nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slo\u017eit\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak ji spat\u0159it. Nos se toti\u017e zmen\u0161uje, proto\u017ee se ochlazuje – asi o 1,2 stupn\u011b. A to je vid\u011bt na infra\u010derven\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 pod veden\u00edm doktora Emilia Gomeze Milana (Dr. Emilio Gomez Milan) experimentovali s dobrovoln\u00edky. Po\u017e\u00e1dali je, aby lhali tak, aby to nebylo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uhodnout. Dobrovoln\u00edci lhali po telefonu – n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm, jin\u00ed sv\u00fdm dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jim \u0159ekli, \u017ee na ulici potkali n\u011bjakou celebritu. Nebo, \u017ee vid\u011bli hroznou dopravn\u00ed nehodu. Obli\u010deje \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f experimentu byly fotografov\u00e1ny termovizory – p\u0159\u00edstroji, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00edskat infra\u010derven\u00e9 sn\u00edmky. Na takov\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch jsou oblasti s r\u016fznou teplotou vybarveny r\u016fzn\u00fdmi barvami. Obvykle jsou ty, kter\u00e9 jsou teplej\u0161\u00ed, \u010derven\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ty, kter\u00e9 jsou je\u0161t\u011b teplej\u0161\u00ed, \u017elut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V 80 p\u0159\u00edpadech ze 100 nosy lh\u00e1\u0159\u016f vychladly. A jejich \u010dela se zah\u0159\u00e1la – asi o 1,5 stupn\u011b. Co\u017e bylo tak\u00e9 patrn\u00e9. Podle toho se pozn\u00e1, \u017ee l\u017eete. V\u011bdci uji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed: v\u00fdsledek zalo\u017een\u00fd na obr\u00e1cen\u00e9m „Pinocchiov\u011b efektu“ je o 10 procent p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00fdkoli detektor l\u017ei.<\/p>\n

Jak vysv\u011btluje doktor Milano, nos se ochlazuje z \u00fazkosti zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 touhou nebo pot\u0159ebou lh\u00e1t. A \u010delo se zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 od zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, kterou lhan\u00ed vy\u017eaduje.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, ale samotn\u00e9 obavy v\u00e1m chlad v nose nezp\u016fsob\u00ed. Studie to testovala. Dobrovoln\u00edci sledovali na displej\u00edch sc\u00e9ny stra\u0161liv\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch nehod, a stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch experimentech o tom vypr\u00e1v\u011bli po telefonu. Ale nelhali. I kdy\u017e se b\u00e1li. A – \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nosn\u00ed reakce nenastala.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Dobrovoln\u00edk l\u017ee. Na termovizoru je vid\u011bt jeho studen\u00fd (modr\u00fd) nos. Nos se zkr\u00e1til t\u00edm, \u017ee se ochladil.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e u\u017e mluv\u00edme o \u010delech lh\u00e1\u0159\u016f, pak, p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety experimenty profesora Scotta Fara z L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty Filadelfsk\u00e9 univerzity uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee ke lhan\u00ed je t\u0159eba nap\u00ednat mozkov\u00e9 z\u00e1vity.<\/p>\n

Profesor skenoval mozky t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed l\u017eou, a t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed pravdu. A zjistil: u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed pravdu, se aktivovaly \u010dty\u0159i oblasti mozku. U lh\u00e1\u0159\u016f jich bylo osm.<\/p>\n

Scott Faro si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee lhan\u00ed vy\u017eaduje nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvakr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed ne\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy. A to se projev\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm teploty \u010dela.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eete se zbavit „Pinocchiova efektu“?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Brit\u0161t\u00ed psychologov\u00e9 z University College London (Lond\u00fdnsk\u00e1 univerzita) zkoumali systematick\u00e9 lhan\u00ed. Experiment\u016f, kter\u00e9 vedl Tali Sharot, se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 80 dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f. Lhali si navz\u00e1jem, lhali, klamali partnery, a dost\u00e1vali za to i finan\u010dn\u00ed pob\u00eddky.<\/p>\n

Jak sout\u011b\u017e postupovala, partne\u0159i lhali st\u00e1le v\u00edce. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed le\u017e byla jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e ta p\u0159edchoz\u00ed. P\u0159i jej\u00edm „generov\u00e1n\u00ed“ mozek vykazoval st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00ed a men\u0161\u00ed aktivitu – v\u011bdci to pozorovali pomoc\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 rezonance.<\/p>\n

\u201eNeust\u00e1l\u00e9 lhan\u00ed n\u00e1s zbavuje nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdch pocit\u016f,“ uzav\u0159eli v\u011bdci. Odstra\u0148uje to \u00fazkost, \u0159e\u010deno jazykem jejich \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch koleg\u016f.<\/p>\n

A kdy\u017e nen\u00ed \u00fazkost, tak v\u00e1m mo\u017en\u00e1 nenastydne nos? To zat\u00edm nikdo netestoval. Ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee zku\u0161en\u00ed – systemati\u010dt\u00ed – lh\u00e1\u0159i by mohli oklamat detektor l\u017ei zalo\u017een\u00fd na obr\u00e1cen\u00e9m „Pinnochiov\u011b efektu“.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad man\u017eel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u017eeny jednou podvedou, maj\u00ed tendenci se z toho dostat. A pravideln\u00ed nev\u011brn\u00edci nemaj\u00ed v\u00fd\u010ditky sv\u011bdom\u00ed v\u016fbec. A jejich nosy nestud\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

„Pinocchi\u016fv efekt“ funguje: nejjist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mka toho, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk l\u017ee, byla nalezena. Poh\u00e1dkov\u00e1 postava se uk\u00e1zala jako prorok.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[60,39],"class_list":["post-1175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-clovek","tag-psychologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1175"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1177,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175\/revisions\/1177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}