{"id":1419,"date":"2024-07-23T00:24:34","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T22:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=1419"},"modified":"2024-07-30T21:41:33","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T19:41:33","slug":"kdo-byl-prototypem-van-helsinga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2024\/07\/23\/kdo-byl-prototypem-van-helsinga\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdo byl prototypem Van Helsinga"},"content":{"rendered":"

Profesor Abraham Van Helsing<\/em>, antropolog a specialista na okultn\u00ed v\u011bdy, je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 postava ze slavn\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu irsk\u00e9ho spisovatele Brama Stokera \u201eDracula\u201c,<\/em> vydan\u00e9ho v roce 1897.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Van Helsing prov\u00e1z\u00ed hrdiny rom\u00e1nu, a vysv\u011btluje up\u00ed\u0159\u00ed podstatu prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch jev\u016f, a tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v likvidaci nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u0161er.<\/p>\n

Pokud skute\u010dn\u00e1 historick\u00e1 postava (vala\u0161sk\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee Vlad Tepes – Dracul) slou\u017eil jako z\u00e1klad pro obraz hlavn\u00ed postavy rom\u00e1nu, hrab\u011bte Draculy, nepou\u017eil autor tak\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00fd prototyp pro obraz Van Helsinga?<\/p>\n

Pokud ano, kdo p\u0159esn\u011b mohl tuto roli hr\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A\u017e doposud byl zn\u00e1m pouze jedin\u00fd kandid\u00e1t na tuto roli. Navrhl jej J. Gordon Malton<\/em> ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eEncyklopedie up\u00edr\u016f<\/em>.\u201c M\u011bl j\u00edm b\u00fdt ma\u010farsk\u00fd historik Arminius Vamberi,<\/em> kter\u00fd se osobn\u011b znal s Bramem Stokerem, a jeho\u017e pr\u00e1ci o ma\u010farsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch pou\u017eil spisovatel p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci na rom\u00e1nu \u201eDrakula\u201c.<\/em> Melton p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee v rom\u00e1n\u011b samotn\u00e1 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed postava Van Helsing<\/em> zmi\u0148uje jak\u00e9hosi sv\u00e9ho \u201ep\u0159\u00edtele Arminia\u201c z univerzity v Budape\u0161ti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 1,2 Pastor Helwing a jeho \u010dl\u00e1nek z roku 1722 o polsk\u00fdch up\u00edrech<\/em><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee je to tedy jasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V roce 2015 vy\u0161la kniha polsk\u00e9ho novin\u00e1\u0159e Adama W\u0119glowsk\u00e9ho \u201eVelmi polsk\u00e1 historie v\u0161eho\u201c (\u201eBardzo polska historia wszystkiego\u201c)<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se v\u011bnuje hled\u00e1n\u00ed stop \u201ePolska\u201c v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b historick\u00fdch postav, ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, m\u00fdt\u016f a legend (obr.4). A mezi uva\u017eovan\u00fdmi osobnostmi autor nab\u00eddl svou objevnou verzi, podle n\u00ed\u017e postava Van Helsinga<\/em> m\u011bla polsk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v osob\u011b luter\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho far\u00e1\u0159e Helvinga,<\/em> kter\u00fd \u017eil na p\u0159elomu 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 3 Bram Stoker<\/em><\/p>\n

Jerzy Andrzej Helwing,<\/em> nebo Georg Andreas Helwing<\/em> (1666-1748), se narodil v m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9 rodin\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m polsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b W\u0119gorzewo (Warminsko-Mazursk\u00e9 vojvodstv\u00ed)<\/em>, kter\u00e9 se b\u011bhem pastorova \u017eivota naz\u00fdvalo Wengobork<\/em> v pol\u0161tin\u011b nebo Angebork<\/em> v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b. Helwingova<\/em> matka byla dcerou m\u00edstn\u00edho kn\u011bze a jeho otec se ho ujal po smrti sv\u00e9ho \u0161vagra. Jeho rodina mluvila n\u011bmecky jako sv\u00fdm mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem, ale tak\u00e9 um\u011bli polsky, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina farnosti tak mluvila. Od d\u011btstv\u00ed se Helwing zaj\u00edmal o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy. Pot\u00e9, co z\u00edskal dobr\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a magistersk\u00fd titul, podnikl v\u011bdeckou cestu nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Evropou, pokra\u010doval v zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed teologie a r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch discipl\u00edn (botanika, astronomie, historie, literatura, filozofie a matematika).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Po smrti otce v roce 1705, Helwing<\/em> p\u0159evzal jeho protestantskou farnost, a tak\u00e9 ji p\u0159edal sv\u00e9mu synovi.
\nHelwing<\/em> byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zn\u00e1m sv\u00fdm botanick\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem, kter\u00fd vy\u00fastil v n\u011bkolik monografi\u00ed a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed botanick\u00e9 zahrady. Je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee jako pastor se zaj\u00edmal o prusk\u00fd starov\u011bk a dokonce provedl archeologick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky starov\u011bk\u00e9 nekropole, zkoumal hroby a poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ob\u0159ady.
\nAle pokud se pono\u0159\u00edme hloub\u011bji do jeho biografie, najdeme jeho publikace z oblasti folkl\u00f3ru. Jedn\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na o jeho \u010dl\u00e1nky o vlkodlac\u00edch a polsk\u00fdch up\u00edrech, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu \u201eBreslaunische Sammlungen von Natur und Medizin geschichten.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Pod ozna\u010den\u00edm up\u00edr, Helwing,<\/em> podle m\u00edstn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 tradice, rozum\u011bl \u201etakov\u00fd druh mrtv\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch t\u011bl, kter\u00fd se s\u00e1m po\u017e\u00edr\u00e1 v rakvi,\u201c<\/em> co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed epidemi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se zastav\u00ed a\u017e pot\u00e9, co je up\u00edr zne\u0161kodn\u011bn.<\/p>\n

Pastor m\u011bl mo\u017enost osobn\u011b b\u00fdt sv\u011bdkem praktick\u00e9ho proveden\u00ed t\u00e9to v\u00edry, kdy\u017e v letech 1709\u20131710 do\u0161lo v Mazursku k morov\u00e9 epidemii, j\u00ed\u017e podlehlo asi 13 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. Helwing popsal situaci, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1la ve vesnici Harsh, jej\u00ed\u017e obyvatel\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvali plen\u011bn\u00edm hrob\u016f p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u201esebepo\u017e\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch se mrtvol,<\/em>\u201c a p\u0159i sebemen\u0161\u00edm podez\u0159en\u00ed mrtv\u00fdm odsek\u00e1vali hlavy. Je ov\u0161em faktem, \u017ee to v\u0161echno nijak nezabr\u00e1nilo dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoci.<\/p>\n

Pastor Helwing<\/em> v\u0161ak nebyl \u201elovcem up\u00edr\u016f\u201c, ale pokusil se st\u0159\u00edzliv\u011b pohl\u00e9dnout na tyto pov\u011bry a p\u0159edsudky, nep\u0159ij\u00edmal je za pravdu, ale st\u00e1le je pe\u010dliv\u011b popisoval.<\/p>\n

Co ho m\u016f\u017ee spojovat s liter\u00e1rn\u00edm Van Helsingem<\/em>? T\u00e9ma up\u00edr\u016f, podobnost p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a erudice, hlubok\u00e1 v\u00edra, znalost n\u011bm\u010diny, pobyt v Holandsku atd.?<\/p>\n

Spisovatel Adam Venglowski<\/em> si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee je to v\u00edce ne\u017e dost, aby mohl b\u00fdt Helwing<\/em> prototypem pro postavu z rom\u00e1nu Brama Stokera.<\/em><\/p>\n

Je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee lze ob\u011b verze spojit vjedno. Arminius Vambery<\/em> mo\u017en\u00e1 znal v\u011bdeck\u00e9 publikace polsk\u00e9ho pastora, a mohl je p\u0159edat ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed spisovateli Bramu Stokerovi.<\/em><\/p>\n

A\u0165 u\u017e byl p\u0159edlohou t\u00e9to kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 postavy rom\u00e1nu kdokoli, z\u016fstal nav\u011bky zv\u011b\u010dn\u011bn v nesmrteln\u00e9 knize.<\/p>\n

Odkazy:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Kowalski W. Van Helsing z … Mazur. Poznaj „naszego“ pastora, ktoy w XVIII wieku badal wampiry \/ Na Temat \u2013 13.02.2015 \u2013 online: https:\/\/natemat.pl\/133137,pierwowzor-van-helsinga-wcale-nie-wierzyl-w-wampiry-poznaj-naszego-pastora-z-mazur<\/a> <\/em>
\n\u2022 Rozmarynowski M. Adam Weglowski, Bardzo polska historia wszystkiego \/ Wiek dwudziesty \u2013 17.02.2015, online: https:\/\/wiekdwudziesty.pl\/adam-weglowski-bardzo-polska-historia-wszystkiego\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Profesor Abraham Van Helsing, antropolog a specialista na okultn\u00ed v\u011bdy, je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 postava ze slavn\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu irsk\u00e9ho spisovatele Brama Stokera<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,5],"tags":[52,69],"class_list":["post-1419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory","category-souvislosti","tag-historie","tag-upir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1419"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1426,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1419\/revisions\/1426"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}