{"id":172,"date":"2023-03-30T02:24:52","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T00:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=172"},"modified":"2023-04-04T23:08:41","modified_gmt":"2023-04-04T21:08:41","slug":"stigmatizace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/03\/30\/stigmatizace\/","title":{"rendered":"Stigmatizace"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>O co se jedn\u00e1?<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mu\u017ei &#8211; a mnohem \u010dast\u011bji \u017eeny \u2014 v dob\u011b \u00fadajn\u00e9ho uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Krista, tedy bu\u010f o velikono\u010dn\u00edm p\u00e1tku, n\u011bkdy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u00e1tek, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed krv\u00e1cet z n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edst, na nich\u017e byl p\u0159i uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ran\u011bn \u00fadajn\u00fd Kristus. Jsou to m\u00edsta na rukou i nohou, boky (do nich\u017e m\u011bl b\u00fdt ran\u011bn kop\u00edm) a \u010delo (stopy po trnov\u00e9 korun\u011b); n\u011bkdy stigmati pl\u00e1\u010dou i krvav\u00e9 slzy&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00edm stigmatizovan\u00fdm byl sv. Franti\u0161ek z Assisi, kter\u00fd 14. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1224 \u00fadajn\u011b uvid\u011bl sestupovat i nebe cherub\u00edna, kter\u00fd mu vtisknul p\u011bt stigmat. S\u00e1m sice nic ne\u0159ekl, ale jeho spolubrat\u0159i odhalili pravdu, kdy\u017e na\u0161li krvav\u00e9 stopy na od\u011bvu. A najednou &#8211; jak se v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch z\u00e1zrak\u016f tak \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, a\u010d nikdo po 12 stolet\u00ed trv\u00e1ni k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed stigmatizov\u00e1n nebyl \u2014 najednou je touto milosti vyznamen\u00e1na \u0159ada v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Ve 13. stolet\u00ed c\u00edrkev uznala ze spousty stigmatizovan\u00fdch za z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edpady jedenat\u0159icet p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, ve 14. stolet\u00ed dvaadvacet, v 15. stolet\u00ed p\u011btadvacet a do sou\u010dasnosti 327 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, z toho 47 mu\u017e\u016f a 280 \u017een.<\/p>\n<p>Podivuhodn\u00e1 je ov\u0161em u stigmatizovan\u00fdch jedna v\u011bc: kdyby \u0161lo o opakov\u00e1n\u00ed Kristov\u00fdch ran, musela by se stigmata vyskytovat v\u017edy na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, na kter\u00fdch m\u011bl m\u00edt Kristus r\u00e1ny. Ov\u0161em tak tomu nen\u00ed. R\u00e1ny se objevuj\u00ed jednou na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech dlan\u011b (m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto na z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed, kam ve starov\u011bku p\u0159i skute\u010dn\u00e9m uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zatloukali h\u0159eby), jednou na jednom, podruh\u00e9 na druh\u00e9m boku atd. Velmi charakteristick\u00e1 je zde v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f pacientky M. psychiatra profesora Janeta, jak o tom francouzsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 p\u00ed\u0161e v knize &#8222;De l&#8217;angoisse a l&#8217;extase&#8220;. Tato pacientka jednou t\u00fddn\u011b stigmaticky krv\u00e1cela z prav\u00e9ho boku. Janet ji upozornil, \u017ee Kristova r\u00e1na je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bna na v\u0161ech soch\u00e1ch a obr\u00e1zc\u00edch vlevo. Nemocn\u00e1 v\u0161ak odv\u011btila: <em>&#8222;V\u00edm, \u017ee tomu tak obvykle je. Ale velik\u00fd Kristus v kostele Salpetri\u00e9re (psychiatrick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu, kde se nemocn\u00e1 nach\u00e1zela), m\u00e1 r\u00e1nu na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b!&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f byly stigmatizace podvodn\u00e9 a vznikaly z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fdm po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bla. N\u011bkdy samotn\u00e1 c\u00edrkev musela proti stigmatizovan\u00fdm vystupovat. V nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dob\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na kolem osoby otce Pia a pak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kolem Terezy Neumannov\u00e9 z Konnensreuthu v NSR do\u0161lo k boji v samotn\u00fdch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch kruz\u00edch, a to mezi sm\u011brem tzv. nadnaturalist\u016f (maj\u00edc\u00edch sklon hned v\u0161ude uzn\u00e1vat z\u00e1zraky \u2014 pat\u0159il k nim nap\u0159. kardin\u00e1l Faulhaber nebo \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd arcibiskup Ka\u0161par aj.) a mezi n\u011bkter\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdecky vzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi kn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi, jako je nap\u0159. franti\u0161k\u00e1n P. Augustin Gemelli, kter\u00fd mimochodem vystudoval i psychiatrii. S\u00e1m P. Gemelli prohl\u00e1sil:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eOsobn\u011b jsem m\u011bl mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159iceti stigmatik\u016f a stigmati\u010dek. Nesetkal jsem se se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem, kdy bych mohl naprosto a rozhodn\u011b vylou\u010dit jakoukoli eventualitu um\u011bl\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tolik kn\u011bz.<\/p>\n<p>Ale jsou opravdu v\u0161echny stigmatizace um\u011ble vyvolan\u00e9 a podvodn\u00e9? Rozhodn\u011b nikoli. Velk\u00fd vliv tu v jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou hr\u00e1t s\u00edly autosugesce. Dnes je toti\u017e jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nervov\u00e9 vlivy mohou velmi v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u016fsobit na r\u016fzn\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny v\u010detn\u011b c\u00e9vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Siln\u00e1 p\u0159edstava krv\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke skute\u010dn\u00fdm, tzv. trofick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m a ke vzniku krv\u00e1cen\u00ed. Mo\u017enost podobn\u00fdch krv\u00e1cen\u00ed (nebo nap\u0159. sp\u00e1lenin vyvolan\u00fdch um\u011ble sugesc\u00ed) byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na v \u010detn\u00fdch pokusech s hypn\u00f3zou. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k takov\u00fdmto projev\u016fm jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hysteri\u010dt\u00ed jedinci.<\/p>\n<p>Proto je tak\u00e9 mezi stigmatizovan\u00fdmi velik\u00e1 p\u0159evaha \u017een, u nich\u017e jsou hysterick\u00e9 projevy \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. A to je zcela p\u0159irozen\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed i takov\u00fdch stigmat, kde se opravdu o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podvodn\u00e9 praktiky nejedn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><em>Docent dr. I. Horvai,CSc. (1926-1970)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Archiv CP<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O co se jedn\u00e1?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":86,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-stigmata"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=172"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":173,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172\/revisions\/173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}