{"id":206,"date":"2023-03-29T00:25:50","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T22:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=206"},"modified":"2023-06-16T22:13:44","modified_gmt":"2023-06-16T20:13:44","slug":"vypovedi-zelenych-svedku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/03\/29\/vypovedi-zelenych-svedku\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdpov\u011bdi zelen\u00fdch sv\u011bdk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

V 19. stolet\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el indick\u00fd v\u011bdec D\u017eagat\u010dandra Bose<\/em> s p\u0159evratnou teori\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sestrojil citliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, je\u017e zaznamenaly elektromagnetick\u00e9 vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin, reakci na dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed kofeinem, alkoholem, strychininem a elekt\u0159inou, jejich znecitliv\u011bn\u00ed chloroformem a probuzen\u00ed na \u010derstv\u00e9m vzduchu, proud\u011bn\u00ed roztoku v t\u011ble rostlin a jin\u00e9 pokusy. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm, \u017ee rostliny maj\u00ed elektrickou pulzaci, srdce a nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u011bdc\u016f tyto n\u00e1zory odm\u00edtla nebo p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eela.<\/p>\n

Boseov\u00fdm pokra\u010dovatelem se stal newyorsk\u00fd kriminalista Cleve Backster. Dne 2. \u00fanora roku 1966 napadlo tohoto odborn\u00edka v oblasti detektor\u016f l\u017ei zapojit sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edstroj na listy drac\u00e9ny. Byl zv\u011bdav, zda zaregistruje postup vody v pr\u00e1v\u011b zalit\u00e9 kv\u011btin\u011b. Za\u017eil velk\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed: diagram vypadal jako diagram trochu roz\u010dilen\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Zmaten\u00fd Backster se rozhodl podrobit rostlinu dal\u0161\u00edm zkou\u0161k\u00e1m. Co se stane, kdy\u017e vystav\u00ed drac\u00e9nu siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vjemov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei, kdy\u017e p\u0159ip\u00e1l\u00ed jeho list z\u00e1palkou? Je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e se rostliny dotkl ohn\u011bm, jehla detektoru prudce posko\u010dila. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee drac\u00e9na uh\u00e1dla z\u00e1m\u011bry \u0161k\u016fdce. Backster ode\u0161el z m\u00edstnosti a po chv\u00edli se vr\u00e1til s krabi\u010dkou z\u00e1palek. Jehla se op\u011bt divoce rozkmitala.<\/p>\n

Kriminalista pokra\u010doval v pokusech. Nechal \u0161est mu\u017e\u016f losovat, kter\u00fd z nich zni\u010d\u00ed jednu ze dvou rostlin. Losov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo tajn\u00e9, krom\u011b \u201evraha“ nikdo nev\u011bd\u011bl, na koho los p\u0159ipadl. Po \u201ezlo\u010dinu“ napojil Backster na nepo\u0161kozenou rostlinu elektrody detektoru a nechal proch\u00e1zet m\u00edstnost\u00ed postupn\u011b v\u0161ech \u0161est mu\u017e\u016f. Kdy\u017e ve\u0161el pachatel, rostlina jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost prudce zaznamenala.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i jednom pokusu se Backster \u0159\u00edzl do prstu. P\u0159i j\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1ny detektor zapojen\u00fd na rostlinu zaregistroval cosi mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho. Zap\u016fsobila na rostlinu bolest ran\u011bn\u00e9ho? Zap\u016fsobila tekouc\u00ed krev? Pozd\u011bji na\u0161el jin\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e konzervoval jogurt kvasinky ni\u010d\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpravkem, m\u011bla rostlina podobnou reakci. Backster do\u0161el k p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee rostliny maj\u00ed jak\u00e9si bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00ed, citlivost na to, co se v okoln\u00edch \u017eiv\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch d\u011bje. Sestrojil automat, kter\u00fd v n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch intervalech vhazoval do v\u0159el\u00e9 vody mal\u00e9 krevety. Detektory na nedaleko um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch shodn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1valy okam\u017eiky zahynut\u00ed krevet. Ale rostliny si \u010dasem na trag\u00e9dii krevet zvykly, z\u0159ejm\u011b proto, \u017ee se nec\u00edtily samy ohro\u017eeny.<\/p>\n

Cleve Backster zve\u0159ejnil v roce 1969 v\u00fdsledky sv\u00fdch pokus\u016f v dokument\u00e1rn\u00edm spisu \u201eZji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed schopnosti vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed v \u017eivot\u011b rostlin“. Publikace s m\u00e1lo p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem vyvolala rozruch. V\u011bdci nep\u0159ij\u00edmali Becksterovy n\u00e1zory bez v\u00fdhrad, a nepochybn\u011b m\u011bli v mnoh\u00e9m pravdu. Kriminalista se pr\u00fd dostal k rostlinn\u00e9 fyziologii jako slep\u00fd k housl\u00edm. Backster v\u0161ak dal ke zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota rostlin nov\u00e9 podn\u011bty. N\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed instruktor v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed detektoru l\u017ei v kriminalistice s\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: „Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na na\u0161i p\u0159edstavu o smyslov\u00e9m vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a inteligenci… P\u0159i\u0161li jsme na zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f rostlinami. Je\u0161t\u011b nezn\u00e1me, jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159i tom rostliny pocity. Je to uleh\u010den\u00ed? Radost? Strach? V mnoh\u00e9m nem\u00e1me jistotu.“<\/p>\n

V moskevsk\u00e9m \u00fastavu fyziologie rostlin Akademie zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch rostlin prob\u00edhaj\u00ed u\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu obdobn\u00e9 pokusy. Vedouc\u00ed \u00fastavu profesor Ivan Gunar, kter\u00fd t\u011bmto experiment\u016fm v\u011bnuje velkou pozornost, v rozhovoru pro Pravdu uvedl, \u017ee nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m rostlin pracuje podobn\u011b, by\u0165 primitivn\u011bji, jako nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m zv\u00ed\u0159at. Mnohalet\u00e9 pokusy potvrzuj\u00ed domn\u011bnku, \u017ee rostliny maj\u00ed schopnost vn\u00edmat d\u011bn\u00ed v jejich okol\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jen velmi jednodu\u0161e. Um\u011bj\u00ed se t\u0159eba \u201epsychologicky“ p\u0159izp\u016fsobit nenad\u00e1l\u00fdm a prudk\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m po\u010das\u00ed. \u201eRostliny p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed sign\u00e1ly“, soud\u00ed Ivan Gunar, \u201ekter\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi kan\u00e1ly postupuj\u00ed do nervov\u00e9ho centra. Tam se informace t\u0159\u00edd\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k reakci organismu. Nervov\u00e9 centrum je snad v ko\u0159enov\u00e9m vl\u00e1sen\u00ed.“<\/p>\n

Profesor Gunar zkoumal reakci nejrozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rostlin na zm\u011bny jejich \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. \u201eZeln\u00e1 hl\u00e1vka p\u0159\u00edmo k\u0159i\u010dela, kdy\u017e jsme jej\u00ed ko\u0161\u0165\u00e1l pono\u0159ili do v\u0159el\u00e9 vody.“ K\u0159ik v\u0161ak neberme doslova. Navenek se s ko\u0161\u0165\u00e1lovinou nic nestalo, ale elektronika v\u00fdrazn\u011b zaznamenala ag\u00f3nii rostliny. Podobnou reakci m\u011bl i vzkl\u00ed\u010den\u00fd je\u010dmen.<\/p>\n

Rostliny maj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed rytmus. Prodlou\u017e\u00ed-li se jej\u00edch sv\u011bteln\u00fd den, projevuj\u00ed \u201e\u00fanavu“. Tak dob\u0159e vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo, \u017ee pomoc\u00ed elektrod mohou p\u016fsobit jako \u017eiv\u00e9 rel\u00e9 k zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho sv\u011btla ve sklen\u00edku. Dlouhodob\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 rostlin se projevuje i v reakc\u00edch na temperaturu, vlhkost a jin\u00e9 jevy ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed jsou poznatky o kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 pam\u011bti rostlin. Moskevsk\u00fd fyziologick\u00fd \u00fastav rostlin zjistil, \u017ee okurky, fazole, kv\u011bt\u00e1k, p\u0161enice, brambory a prysky\u0159n\u00edk si znamenit\u011b pamatuj\u00ed z\u00e1blesky xenonov\u00e9 lampy. Po s\u00e9rii sv\u011bteln\u00fdch z\u00e1blesk\u016f neoby\u010dejn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b reprodukovaly tyto rostliny rytmus impuls\u016f. Nejl\u00e9pe si vedl prysky\u0159n\u00edk, kter\u00fd si pamatoval rytmus z\u00e1blesk\u016f osmn\u00e1ct hodin. V\u011bdci se pokusili vytvo\u0159it podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 reflexy rostlin. V bl\u00edzkosti filodendronu um\u00edstili miner\u00e1l a rostlina dostala sou\u010dasn\u011b elektrick\u00fd \u00fader. Potom k\u00e1men odstranili a nechali filodendron v klidu. Lekci n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t opakovali. Z\u00e1hy se pokusn\u00e1 rostlina vzru\u0161ovala, i kdy\u017e se nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd miner\u00e1l objevil bl\u00edzko n\u00ed a k elektrick\u00fdm \u00fader\u016fm nedoch\u00e1zelo. Filodendron se nau\u010dil rozezn\u00e1vat domn\u011bl\u00e9ho trapi\u010de od jin\u00fdch kamen\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pokusy na kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b zase objevily citlivost rostlin na psychick\u00e9 stavy \u010dlov\u011bka. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed rostliny jsou pr\u00fd vn\u00edmav\u00e9 na nemoc o\u0161et\u0159ovatele i na zm\u011bny jeho n\u00e1lady. Rostliny jsou sice n\u011bm\u00e9, hluch\u00e9 a slep\u00e9, ale rozhodn\u011b nejsou ke sv\u00e9mu okol\u00ed nete\u010dn\u00e9. M\u011bli bychom s odhalen\u00fdmi skute\u010dnostmi jejich \u017eivota po\u010d\u00edtat. I tich\u00e1 kv\u011btina m\u00edv\u00e1 tr\u00e1pen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 1. Cleve Backster p\u0159i pokusu s detektorem<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 2,3. \u010c\u00e1st grafu \u201evy\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00e9“ rostliny detektorem l\u017ei p\u0159i prvn\u00edm Backsterov\u011b pokusu dne 2. \u00fanora 1966. K\u0159ivka p\u0159ipom\u00ednala obdobn\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy emocion\u00e1ln\u00edch vzn\u011bt\u016f lid\u00ed Vpravo: \u010c\u00e1st grafu, kter\u00fd ukazuje emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed vzru\u0161en\u00ed u \u010dlov\u011bka, zaznamenan\u00e9 detektorem l\u017ei<\/em><\/p>\n

Jaroslav Mar\u0161\u00e1lek<\/p>\n

Z \u010dasopisu VTM 2\/1985<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V 19. stolet\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el indick\u00fd v\u011bdec D\u017eagat\u010dandra Bose s p\u0159evratnou teori\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[48],"class_list":["post-206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-rostliny"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=206"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":211,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206\/revisions\/211"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}