{"id":228,"date":"2023-04-08T00:28:07","date_gmt":"2023-04-07T22:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=228"},"modified":"2023-12-23T23:08:29","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T22:08:29","slug":"staci-kousek-mozku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/04\/08\/staci-kousek-mozku\/","title":{"rendered":"Sta\u010d\u00ed kousek mozku…"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci \u0159e\u017eou na \u010d\u00e1sti nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mozek na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong>
\nJm\u00e9no pacienta H.M. bylo utajeno 60 let. L\u00e9ka\u0159i odtajnili jm\u00e9no osoby, kterou zkoumali 60 let a ukr\u00fdvali jej pod dv\u011bma inici\u00e1lami \u2013 H.M.<\/p>\n

Jedin\u00fd na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

H.M. zem\u0159el v roce 2008. A teprve roku 2009 v\u011bdci uvedli jm\u00e9no tohoto legend\u00e1rn\u00edho pacienta, kter\u00e9ho ukr\u00fdvali 60 let.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cTento pacient byl skute\u010dnou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 John Gabrieli<\/em>, profesor na Massachusettsk\u00e9m Technologick\u00e9 Institutu (MIT)<\/em>, kter\u00fd studoval pana H.M. je\u0161t\u011b v 80 l\u00e9tech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. \u201eV\u011bd\u011bl o n\u011bm ka\u017ed\u00fd student, kter\u00fd studoval psychologii a neurologii.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

H.M. daroval sv\u016fj mozek v\u011bd\u011b. A nyn\u00ed ho \u0159e\u017eou na kousky, v nad\u011bji odhalit tajemstv\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 pam\u011bti obecn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Od\u0159ezali pam\u011b\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n

H.M. se jmenoval Henry Molaison<\/em>. Narodil se v roce 1926. Ve v\u011bku 9 let utrp\u011bl ot\u0159es mozku. V 27 letech dostal mrtvici a nesnesiteln\u00e9 bolesti hlavy. By ho zbavili bolest\u00ed, byl Henry operov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Operace byla provedena v roce 1953 renomovan\u00fdm expertem na lobotomii Dr. Williamem Beecher Scovillem<\/em>. Otev\u0159el lebku a odstranil \u010d\u00e1st mozku. Velmi malou. Ale ztr\u00e1ta m\u011bla katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek. Hlava Henryho bolet nep\u0159estala, nav\u00edc Henry ztratil schopnost si cokoli zapamatovat. Zapomn\u011bl v\u0161echno, co vid\u011bl a sly\u0161el, po pouh\u00fdch 20 sekund\u00e1ch. A od t\u00e9 doby se stal H.M. pacientem s podstat\u011b „trval\u00fdm bydli\u0161t\u011bm“ na klinik\u00e1ch a v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch \u00fastavech.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Henry si vzpomn\u011bl, \u017ee kou\u0159il p\u0159ed operac\u00ed. Za\u010dal kou\u0159it i po n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

Henryho pozorovali, testovali. A u\u017easli.<\/p>\n

Fyzicky byl absolutn\u011b zdrav\u00fd. Mohl by v podstat\u011b (s malou pomoc\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdch), v\u00e9st norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot a samostatn\u011b si v\u0161e za\u0159\u00eddit. Krom\u011b toho, pamatoval si v\u0161echno, co se mu stalo p\u0159ed operac\u00ed. Ale aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ud\u00e1losti okam\u017eit\u011b zapomn\u011bl. Ale p\u0159itom mohl z\u00edskat takzvan\u00e9 motorick\u00e9 dovednosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad se nau\u010dil hr\u00e1t na kytaru. Tak\u00e9 zp\u00edvat mohl cokoli – ale po 20 sekund\u00e1ch si nepamatoval tuto p\u00edse\u0148.<\/p>\n

Pacient m\u011bl i ur\u010ditou topografickou pam\u011b\u0165. Mohl nap\u0159\u00edklad nakreslit pl\u00e1n sv\u00e9ho domu.<\/p>\n

Henry zem\u0159el v prosinci 2008 ve v\u011bku 83 let. A a\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti, kdy\u017e byl dot\u00e1z\u00e1n na v\u011bk, odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee mu je 27 let.<\/p>\n

Tis\u00edc vrstev tajemstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mozek jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka \u0161el do mozkov\u00e9 laborato\u0159e Kalifornsk\u00e9 university v San Diegu<\/em>, k \u0159editeli Jacopo Annecy<\/em>. V\u011bdci roz\u0159ez\u00e1vaj\u00ed mozek na vrstvy o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 70 mikrometr\u016f. \u00dakolem je vytvo\u0159it podrobnou mapu mozku, kter\u00e1 by snad mohla vy\u0159e\u0161it z\u00e1hadu H. M. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, pro\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky m\u011bl ulo\u017eeny a vzpomn\u011bl sin a n\u011b a jin\u00e9 zmizely velice rychle.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Stroj, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u017ee mozek<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eJe mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee mozek H.M. n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed pochopit, jak jsou informace distribuov\u00e1ny do v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mozku, a jak se ve v\u00fdsledku vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Susan Kotlin<\/em>, profesor z MIT, kter\u00e1 znala Henryho p\u0159es 40 let. \u201eProto\u017ee krom\u011b pl\u00e1tk\u016f mozku, st\u00e1le m\u00e1me data z pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla provedena po n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Dr. Jacopo Annecy prohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed foto pl\u00e1tk\u016f mozku H.M.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jacopo Annecy<\/em> fotografuje pl\u00e1tky mozku Henryho, a vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 je na internet, aby je mohli v\u0161ichni odborn\u00edci studovat. Je to dnes ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 tis\u00edce fotografi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci se zat\u00edm dostali ke skryt\u00fdm z\u00e1kout\u00edm fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku. Ale ch\u00e1pou jej? Je mo\u017en\u00e9 z pl\u00e1tk\u016f mozku velk\u00fdch lid\u00ed a g\u00e9ni\u016f pochopit, pro\u010d byl jejich majitel takov\u00fd?<\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte v\u00edce<\/strong>: Henry Molaison \u2013 Wikipedie (wikipedia.org)<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci \u0159e\u017eou na \u010d\u00e1sti nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mozek na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":198,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[50,32,21],"class_list":["post-228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","tag-mozek","tag-pamet","tag-vedomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=228"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":233,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions\/233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}