{"id":247,"date":"2023-04-14T00:48:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-13T22:48:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=247"},"modified":"2023-06-29T05:02:54","modified_gmt":"2023-06-29T03:02:54","slug":"rostliny-citi-a-mluvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/04\/14\/rostliny-citi-a-mluvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Rostliny c\u00edt\u00ed a mluv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Na\u0161i zelen\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, kter\u00e9 jsme v\u017edy pova\u017eovali za n\u011bm\u00e9, mohou nejen \u201emluvit&#8220;, ale p\u0159\u00edmo \u201ek\u0159i\u010det&#8220;.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Snadno se o tom p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00edme v laborato\u0159i profesura <em>Ivana Gunara<\/em>, vedouc\u00edho katedry fyziologie rostlin na <em>Moskevsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 akademii Klementa Timirjazeva.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Vzkl\u00ed\u010den\u00fd je\u010dmen \u201ezaje\u010del&#8220;, kdy\u017e laborantka pono\u0159ila jeho ko\u0159en do hork\u00e9 vody. Nebylo ov\u0161em sly\u0161et \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvuky, ale \u201ek\u0159ik&#8220; rostliny zachytil a zaznamenal na \u0161irok\u00fd pruh pap\u00edru citliv\u00fd elektrick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj. Pouh\u00fdm okem jsme p\u0159itom na rostlin\u011b nepozorovali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed znaky utrpen\u00ed. St\u00e9blo je\u010dmene vypadalo \u201ezdrav\u011b&#8220;, l\u00edstky nepovadly a zelenaly se d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p>Mlad\u00fd sov\u011btsk\u00fd v\u011bdec Vitalij Gor\u010dakov ze stonku tykve vypreparoval vodiv\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a napojil na n\u011b mikroelektrody. Pak r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby dr\u00e1\u017edil ko\u0159en rostliny, nap\u0159\u00edklad jej na\u0159\u00edzl. Ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 30\u201410 cm od m\u00edsta dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed se v n\u011bkolika vte\u0159in\u00e1ch objevil elektrick\u00fd impuls, kter\u00fd se projevil na obrazovce oscilografu.<\/p>\n<p>Soud\u00ed se, \u017ee rostliny nemaj\u00ed nervovou soustavu a smysly. Jak tedy reaguj\u00ed na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed? Jak na n\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Na tyto ot\u00e1zky se pokou\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt elektrofyziologie, kter\u00e1 studuje elektrick\u00e9 procesy v \u017eiv\u00fdch organismech. V odpov\u011b\u010f na dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zvn\u011bj\u0161ka vznikaj\u00ed v nervov\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 se pak dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do mozku. Modern\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje umo\u017enily nejen zm\u011b\u0159it elektrick\u00e9 pole mozku a srdce zv\u00ed\u0159at a \u010dlov\u011bka, ale objevit i \u201eelektrick\u00fd sv\u011bt&#8220; silov\u00fdch pol\u00ed, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e1 \u017eiv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda.<\/p>\n<p>Vysoce citliv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj &#8211; sonduj\u00edc\u00ed zesilova\u010d \u2014 umo\u017enil zjistit elektrick\u00e9 \u201ehlasy&#8220; rostlin &#8211; strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f. Stovky pokus\u016f potvrdily, \u017ee v rostlin\u00e1ch vznikaj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 impulsy podobn\u00e9 nervov\u00fdm impuls\u016fm zv\u00ed\u0159at a \u010dlov\u011bka. P\u0159itom koordinace vnit\u0159n\u00edch proces\u016f a jejich rovnov\u00e1hy s prost\u0159ed\u00edm se dociluje slo\u017eit\u00fdm dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, pod jeho\u017e kontrolou je ve\u0161ker\u00e1 \u017eivotn\u00ed \u010dinnost rostliny.<\/p>\n<p>Na Kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed universit! se zjistilo, \u017ee rostliny m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 parametry dokonce i podle toho, jak\u00fd je psychicky stav \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed u nich. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed rostliny citliv\u011b reaguji na nemoc \u201esv\u00e9ho p\u00e1na&#8220;, na zm\u011bnu jeho n\u00e1lady. Je to dolo\u017eeno \u010detn\u00fdmi pokusy.<\/p>\n<p>U\u017e d\u0159\u00edve bylo zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee prodlou\u017e\u00ed-li se sv\u011bteln\u00fd den p\u0159\u00edli\u0161, rostlina se \u201eunav\u00ed&#8220;, \u017ee tedy m\u00e1 jako zv\u00ed\u0159ata p\u0159esn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed rytmus. Posledn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy to nejen potvrdily, ale tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee ko\u0159en rostliny ve funk\u010dn\u00edm smyslu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 srde\u010dn\u00ed sval: stahuje se, m\u011bn\u00ed se v n\u011bm f\u00e1ze podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a \u00fatlumu. Rostliny vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo tak dob\u0159e, \u017ee mohou slou\u017eit jako jak\u00e9si \u017eiv\u00e9 rel\u00e9 &#8211; zapojovat a vy po jo vat elekt\u0159inu ve sklen\u00edku. Ale nejp\u0159ekvapiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je snad to, \u017ee rostliny maj\u00ed prvky pam\u011bti, a to jak dlouhodob\u00e9, tak i kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9. Kdy\u017e byl ko\u0159en fazole po nulov\u00e9 teplot\u011b pono\u0159en do vody o pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b, kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed ru\u010di\u010dky zapisuj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje se neuklidnilo r\u00e1zem \u2014 rostlina si je\u0161t\u011b \u201epamatovala&#8220; j chlad a chovala se opatrn\u011b, i Uk\u00e1zalo se tak\u00e9, \u017ee okurky, fazole, p\u0161enice, brambory si velmi dob\u0159e zapamatuj\u00ed frekvenci z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed xenovod\u00edkov\u00e9 lampy. Po zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u201ev\u00fduce&#8220; v podob\u011b s\u00e9rie sv\u011bteln\u00fdch impuls\u016f reprodukovaly rostliny dan\u00fd rytmus mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b. Shledalo se, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd druh rostliny m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u011b dlouhou pam\u011b\u0165. Nap\u0159\u00edklad prysky\u0159i\u010dn\u00edk si \u201epamatoval&#8220; sv\u011bteln\u00fd rytmus 18 hodin.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e to v\u0161e v\u011bdci zjistili, pokusili se vytvo\u0159it podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 reflexy rostlin. Pobl\u00ed\u017e filodendronu um\u00edstili n\u011bjak\u00fd nerost a \u201etrestali&#8220; rostlinu \u00faderem elektrick\u00e9ho proudu. Pak k\u00e1men odklidili a n\u011bjakou dobu m\u011bla rostlina klid. Pak se lekce opakovala. Zakr\u00e1tko se za\u010dal filodendron \u201etr\u00e1pit&#8220;, jakmile se nerost octl v jeho bl\u00edzkosti, i kdy\u017e p\u0159itom k elektrick\u00e9mu \u00faderu nedo\u0161lo.<\/p>\n<p>Poda\u0159\u00ed-li se n\u00e1m rozlu\u0161tit mechanismus \u010dinnosti \u201enervov\u00e9 soustavy&#8220; rostlin, dok\u00e1\u017eeme snad i um\u011ble \u0159\u00eddit jejich r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>APN, Moskva<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>100+1 ZZ 28\/1973<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na\u0161i zelen\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, kter\u00e9 jsme v\u017edy pova\u017eovali za n\u011bm\u00e9, mohou nejen \u201emluvit&#8220;, ale p\u0159\u00edmo \u201ek\u0159i\u010det&#8220;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[48],"class_list":["post-247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-rostliny"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=247"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":248,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247\/revisions\/248"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}