{"id":297,"date":"2023-04-26T00:00:14","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T22:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=297"},"modified":"2023-05-06T03:43:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-06T01:43:12","slug":"co-neni-shc-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/04\/26\/co-neni-shc-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Co nen\u00ed SHC (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Mysterydogs<\/em> reaguj\u00ed na epizodu seri\u00e1lu<em> A.C. Clarka<\/em>, \u010desk\u00e9 televizn\u00ed stanice, 1998.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Samovoln\u00e9 vzplanut\u00ed osob, anglicky \u201cspontaneous human combustion\u201c (SHC) je bezpochyby jednou z nejd\u011bsiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1had. Pro tento jev jsou zpravidla typick\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed znaky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed zaho\u0159en\u00ed osoby nast\u00e1v\u00e1 uvnit\u0159 t\u011bla, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ho\u0159en\u00ed \u0161at\u016f na povrchu t\u011bla prob\u00edh\u00e1 a\u017e jako druhotn\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost (tedy nikoliv prvotn\u00ed, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u201cb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho\u201c po\u017e\u00e1ru).<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Sho\u0159en\u00ed prob\u011bhne rychle, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010dasto sho\u0159\u00ed (resp. jsou \u017e\u00e1rem destruov\u00e1ny) i kosti, tak\u017ee z t\u011bla pak zbude pouze hrom\u00e1dka popela. Za dan\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed posti\u017een\u00e1 osoba sama \u010dasov\u011b nestihne anebo nedok\u00e1\u017ee br\u00e1nit se p\u016fsoben\u00ed ohn\u011b; na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1ru, kdy se ohro\u017een\u00ed lid\u00e9, jsou-li toho fyzicky a psychicky schopni, sna\u017e\u00ed ho\u0159en\u00ed na sv\u00e9m t\u011ble n\u011bjak uhasit, uniknout z m\u00edsta po\u017e\u00e1ru apod.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jak je z\u0159ejm\u00e9 z p\u0159edchoz\u00edho, v\u00fdvoj tepla b\u011bhem ho\u0159en\u00ed je zna\u010dn\u00fd a je zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1no, \u017ee by takov\u00e9 teplo mohlo vzniknout pouh\u00fdm ho\u0159en\u00edm lidsk\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory tomu jsou zn\u00e1my p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy pop\u00e1len\u00ed lid\u00e9 tuto ud\u00e1lost p\u0159e\u017eili (ohe\u0148 nap\u0159. z nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f destruoval pouze kon\u010detinu), nejsou v\u0161ak schopni cokoliv vysv\u011btlit. Jsou \u00fadajn\u011b zn\u00e1my i p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy \u010dlov\u011bk uho\u0159el uvnit\u0159 \u0161at\u016f, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstaly nesp\u00e1leny.<\/p>\n<p>Na m\u00edst\u011b ud\u00e1losti nen\u00ed identifikov\u00e1n zdroj tepla nebo plamene nebo alespo\u0148 ne takov\u00fd, u kter\u00e9ho by bylo mo\u017eno p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat p\u016fsoben\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Obvykle tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bno \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ohn\u011b z ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed osoby na ho\u0159lav\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty v bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Atmosf\u00e9ra jak\u00e9si d\u011bsiv\u00e9 senza\u010dnosti cel\u00e9ho, beztoho ji\u017e dosti z\u00e1hadn\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu, je je\u0161t\u011b zesilov\u00e1na \u010dastou snahou ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00edst (\u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, koroner\u016f, hasi\u010d\u016f, policie apod.) utajovat identifikaci t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a p\u0159ipisovat je na vrub b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto \u00fadaje jsou z\u00e1hadologick\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti dostate\u010dn\u011b zn\u00e1my, dob\u0159e jsou pops\u00e1ny t\u00e9\u017e nap\u0159. v knize: <em>Lazarus R.: Za hranic\u00ed reality, Beta, Praha &#8211; Plze\u0148, 1996.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V knize jsou p\u0159ipomenuty \u201cnejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c p\u0159\u00edpady z obdob\u00ed let 1905 a\u017e 1981. P\u0159itom je zde konstatov\u00e1no, \u017ee v ka\u017ed\u00e9m roce uveden\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed bylo na sv\u011bt\u011b zaznamen\u00e1no n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f samovoln\u00e9ho vzplanut\u00ed osob.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K tomu snad je\u0161t\u011b dv\u011b pozn\u00e1mky:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V \u010desk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 terminologii se pod pojmem \u201cvzplanut\u00ed\u201c rozum\u00ed zap\u00e1len\u00ed par nad kapalinou p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm plamene, zat\u00edmco \u201cvzn\u00edcen\u00edm\u201c je m\u00edn\u011bno zap\u00e1len\u00ed l\u00e1tky vlivem hork\u00e9ho okol\u00ed (tedy p\u016fsoben\u00edm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teploty). Okolnosti jevu SHC nasv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed tedy sp\u00ed\u0161e vzn\u00edcen\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jsou pojmy oba. Pojem \u201cvzplanut\u00ed\u201c je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n dokonce \u010dast\u011bji, co\u017e respektujeme. Ov\u0161em anglick\u00e9mu \u201ccombustion\u201c by asi nejbl\u00ed\u017ee odpov\u00eddalo \u010desk\u00e9 \u201csp\u00e1len\u00ed, sho\u0159en\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Dle na\u0161ich zku\u0161enost\u00ed nem\u016f\u017eeme ani \u201cofici\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c z\u00e1hadologick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e stoprocentn\u011b v\u011b\u0159it ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch, podrobn\u00fdch, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fdch l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed nar\u016fst\u00e1 podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed auto\u0159i vzali na pomoc vlastn\u00ed fantazii v\u00edce, ne\u017e by bylo zdr\u00e1vo. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b to, \u017ee jev SHC se stal i jedn\u00edm z t\u00e9mat seri\u00e1l\u016f A.C. Clarka, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt jistou z\u00e1rukou seri\u00f3znosti uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b hypot\u00e9za, kter\u00e1 byla o podstat\u011b jevu SHC dokonce experiment\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159edvedena v jednom z d\u00edl\u016f tohoto seri\u00e1lu, je vlastn\u00edm t\u00e9matem na\u0161eho pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Popis hypot\u00e9zy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hypot\u00e9za byla p\u0159edvedena n\u00e1zorn\u011b. Experiment\u00e1tor zap\u00e1lil textiln\u00ed smotek, ve kter\u00e9m byl zabalen kousek masa. Textiln\u00ed obal se vbrzku rozho\u0159el stabiln\u00edm plamenem. Dle koment\u00e1\u0159e fungovala cel\u00e1 sestava jako zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dka s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm knotem; palivo (maso resp. tuk) je zde uvnit\u0159, zat\u00edmco tkanina toto palivo obaluje a tvo\u0159\u00ed povrchov\u00fd, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed knot.<\/p>\n<p>Tento princip byl uv\u00e1d\u011bn jako mo\u017en\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed mechanismus ho\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i SHC.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edveden\u00fd experiment bezpochyby fungoval, je v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zka, co vlastn\u011b zn\u00e1zor\u0148oval \u010di dokazoval. Lze jej vysv\u011btlit tak, \u017ee zap\u00e1len\u00e1 tkanina \u201cp\u0159edeh\u0159\u00e1la\u201c maso, ze kter\u00e9ho se za\u010dal uvol\u0148ovat rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd tuk, kter\u00fd vzl\u00ednal do tkaniny. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tak je tomu u sv\u00ed\u010dky, kdy roztaven\u00fd parafin vzl\u00edn\u00e1 do knotu. Potud v\u0161e souhlas\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je ov\u0161em nejasn\u00e9, co se d\u011bje s vodou, kter\u00e1 je v mase obsa\u017eena stejn\u011b jako tuk. Ostatn\u011b, jak\u00e9si \u201cpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9\u201c slo\u017een\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla lze p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b charakterizovat 70 % vody, 5 % anorganick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a 25 % sm\u011bsi b\u00edlkovin a tuk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>U p\u0159edveden\u00e9ho experimentu v\u0161ak muselo b\u00fdt mno\u017estv\u00ed vody v mase tak mal\u00e9, a mno\u017estv\u00ed tuku naopak tak velk\u00e9, aby voda byla vznikaj\u00edc\u00edm teplem odpa\u0159ena ji\u017e na povrchu masa a nevzl\u00ednala d\u00e1le do tkaniny (nebo jen v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed), jinak by znemo\u017e\u0148ovala ho\u0159en\u00ed knotu. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 vlastnosti masa by tedy odpov\u00eddaly sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bjak\u00e9mu \u0161peku \u010di slanin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Na druhou stranu, snad by vhodn\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011brem tkaniny bylo mo\u017eno dos\u00e1hnout toho, \u017ee by fungovala jako jak\u00fdsi separa\u010dn\u00ed knot. Nep\u0159ij\u00edmala by vodu, ale pouze roztaven\u00fd tuk, kter\u00fd by do n\u00ed mohl vzl\u00ednat.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak st\u00e1le hovo\u0159\u00edme pouze o mo\u017en\u00e9m mechanismu ho\u0159en\u00ed. Pod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed na to, jak p\u0159edveden\u00fd experiment odpov\u00edd\u00e1 charakteristick\u00fdm znak\u016fm SHC.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdsledek<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Experiment neodpov\u00eddal ani jedin\u00e9mu z d\u0159\u00edve uveden\u00fdch typick\u00fdch znak\u016f SHC. Abychom to n\u00e1zorn\u011b dok\u00e1zali, sestavili jsme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulku:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-299 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cp_Co-neni-SHC0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cp_Co-neni-SHC0.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cp_Co-neni-SHC0-300x139.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i experiment\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159edveden\u00ed hypot\u00e9zy vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho knotu bylo dosa\u017eeno stabiln\u00edho ho\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i dan\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku masa a tkaniny. P\u0159edveden\u00fd proces ho\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u011b neodpov\u00eddal charakteristick\u00fdm znak\u016fm jevu SHC.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Koment\u00e1\u0159<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Snaha o jak\u00fdkoliv seri\u00f3zn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum SHC, dokonce experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho charakteru, je chv\u00e1lyhodn\u00e1. Patrn\u011b je to cesta sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1hady. Bude v\u0161ak podm\u00edn\u011bna uvoln\u011bn\u00edm ve\u0161ker\u00fdch, i velmi detailn\u00edch informac\u00ed, o dosud zn\u00e1m\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech SHC. Pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto informac\u00ed se v\u0161ak zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt na cel\u00e9 v\u011bci t\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Mysterydogs, Tom\u00e1\u0161 &amp; Martin Dosoudilovi, 2003<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.databazeknih.cz\/knihy\/nejvetsi-zahady-sveta-samovolne-vzplanuti-osob-67131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-298 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cp_Co-neni-SHC1-188x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cp_Co-neni-SHC1-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cp_Co-neni-SHC1.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><\/em><\/a><strong>\u010ct\u011bte v\u00edce<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.databazeknih.cz\/knihy\/nejvetsi-zahady-sveta-samovolne-vzplanuti-osob-67131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Dosoudil, T.: Samovoln\u00e9 vzplanut\u00ed osob. Dialog, Liberec, 2007\u00a0<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mysterydogs reaguj\u00ed na epizodu seri\u00e1lu A.C. Clarka, \u010desk\u00e9 televizn\u00ed stanice, 1998.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":260,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,5,4],"tags":[57],"class_list":["post-297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory","category-souvislosti","category-teorie","tag-shc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=297"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":300,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions\/300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}