{"id":413,"date":"2023-05-28T00:01:51","date_gmt":"2023-05-27T22:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=413"},"modified":"2023-05-31T22:56:09","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T20:56:09","slug":"cteni-romanu-navzdy-zmeni-mozek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/05\/28\/cteni-romanu-navzdy-zmeni-mozek\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cten\u00ed rom\u00e1n\u016f nav\u017edy zm\u011bn\u00ed mozek"},"content":{"rendered":"

O spisovatel\u00edch se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jsou „in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i lidsk\u00fdch du\u0161\u00ed<\/em>“ a „mist\u0159i mysli<\/em>„.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ukazuje se, \u017ee takov\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jen obrazn\u00e9. \u010cten\u00ed beletrie skute\u010dn\u011b zp\u016fsobuje zm\u011bny v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech na\u0161eho mozku. Nav\u00edc, tento efekt je dlouhodob\u00fd. Charakteristick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v n\u011bm z\u016fstanou dlouho po p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed knihy\u2026<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci ji\u017e d\u00e1vno zjistili, \u017ee nervov\u00e1 struktura mozku je velmi poddajn\u00e1 a lze ji p\u0159izp\u016fsobit pro nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Na mozek p\u016fsob\u00ed siln\u00e9 dojmy, z\u00edskan\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivotn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud jsme v d\u011btstv\u00ed za\u017eili z\u00e1va\u017enou stresovou situaci, i kdy\u017e na ni zapomeneme, pak na n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv i ve zral\u00e9m v\u011bku.<\/p>\n

Vliv \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed odborn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f nebo za\u017eit\u00ed stresov\u00fdch situac\u00ed na neurony v mozku, je zn\u00e1m\u00fd a z\u0159ejm\u00fd. Ale o co v\u00edc jemn\u00fdch a slo\u017eit\u00fdch podn\u011bt\u016f k n\u00e1m p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ze sf\u00e9ry um\u011bn\u00ed? Studi\u00ed o vlivu r\u016fzn\u00fdch estetick\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f na mozek je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed tzv. kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 literatury p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k vzniku empatie – schopnost souc\u00edtit, vc\u00edtit se do jin\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 bytosti. Dal\u0161\u00ed experimenty uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u010dten\u00edm takov\u00e9 literatury se aktivuj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 oblasti v mozku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e reakce na pr\u00f3zu je odli\u0161n\u00e1 od reakce na poezii.<\/p>\n

Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b studi\u00ed se zkoumal dosud jen kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek spojen\u00fd s \u010dten\u00edm d\u011bl mal\u00fdch forem – nap\u0159\u00edklad pov\u00eddek nebo b\u00e1sn\u00ed. Skupina odborn\u00edk\u016f z Emory University<\/em> (USA), v \u010dele s Gregory Burnsem<\/em> (1) zkoumala to, zda existuje i dlouhodob\u00fd efekt \u010dten\u00ed rom\u00e1n\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch d\u011bl. B\u011bhem experimentu bylo 21 dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1no, aby \u010detli rom\u00e1n Roberta Harrise \u201ePompeje\u201c<\/em>. V p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu protagonista knihy m\u00e1 p\u0159edtuchu, spojenou s erupc\u00ed Vesuvu a sna\u017e\u00ed se p\u0159ed n\u00ed varovat sv\u00e9 spoluob\u010dany, ale ti ho neposlouchaj\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho je v knize v\u00fdrazn\u00fd d\u011bjov\u00fd motiv l\u00e1sky.<\/p>\n

Volbu knihy experiment\u00e1to\u0159i zd\u016fvodnili siln\u00fdm vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem knihy, kter\u00fd obsahuje drama, nap\u011bt\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 podn\u011bcuj\u00ed z\u00e1jem \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem dev\u00edti dn\u00ed se pokusn\u00e9 osoby podrobily ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 laborato\u0159i skenov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku. Prvn\u00ed bylo p\u0159ed \u010detbou, druh\u00e9 po p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed 30 stran knihy. Krom\u011b toho byli osoby instruov\u00e1ny, aby rom\u00e1n \u010detli p\u0159ed span\u00edm, a druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no byli kontrolov\u00e1ni, jak dob\u0159e si p\u0159e\u010dten\u00e9 pamatuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sken mozku uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pravideln\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed zes\u00edlilo nervov\u00e9 spoje v lev\u00e9 tempor\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016f\u0159e, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za jazykov\u00fd rozbor. Nav\u00edc, tento \u00fa\u010dinek byl z\u0159eteln\u00fd i v dopoledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e dobrovoln\u00edci za\u010dali dopoledn\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed knihy.<\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i studie tento jev porovnali tento jev se svalovou pam\u011bt\u00ed: i po del\u0161\u00ed absenci tr\u00e9ninku osoba m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed se svaly, kter\u00e9 nebyly zapojeny po del\u0161\u00ed dobu.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho, u pokusn\u00fdch osob bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno zes\u00edlen\u00ed v prim\u00e1rn\u00ed senzorimotorick\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e, kter\u00e1 je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho t\u011bla. Je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee tato k\u016fra se aktivuje nejen p\u0159i skute\u010dn\u00fdch pohybech, ale jen p\u0159i pomy\u0161len\u00ed na n\u011b – nap\u0159\u00edklad, kdy\u017e si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee jedeme na kole, aktivuj\u00ed se tyt\u00e9\u017e oblasti mozku, jako p\u0159i skute\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed rom\u00e1nu se podle v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f ztoto\u017e\u0148ujeme s fiktivn\u00edmi postavami tak, \u017ee se doslova „c\u00edt\u00edme v jejich k\u016f\u017ei.“ Je s podivem, \u017ee zm\u011bny v mozku se udr\u017euj\u00ed a\u017e p\u011bt dn\u00ed pot\u00e9, co kniha byla do\u010dtena do konce. Proto m\u016f\u017eeme hovo\u0159it o dlouhodob\u00e9m vlivu \u010dten\u00ed na mozek.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1hadou, jak dlouho m\u016f\u017ee „efekt rom\u00e1nu“ fungovat. Krom\u011b toho, nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak\u00fd dopad na mozek mohou m\u00edt knihy s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi – nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u011bch, kde nejsou p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 d\u011bjov\u00e9 zvraty, nebo popis vnit\u0159n\u00edho \u017eivota postav. Mimochodem, existuj\u00ed i studie, kter\u00e9 na\u0161ly spojen\u00ed mezi poetick\u00fdm textem a stylem na zm\u011bny v aktivit\u011b mozku.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee t\u00e9matem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu bude dopad na neurobiologii mozku r\u016fzn\u00fdch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch styl\u016f…<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/www.ccnl.emory.edu\/greg\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O spisovatel\u00edch se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jsou „in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i lidsk\u00fdch du\u0161\u00ed“ a „mist\u0159i mysli„.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":198,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-mozek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=413"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":414,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413\/revisions\/414"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}