{"id":429,"date":"2023-06-03T00:12:30","date_gmt":"2023-06-02T22:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=429"},"modified":"2023-06-01T02:17:52","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T00:17:52","slug":"moznost-naseho-narozeni-je-nula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/06\/03\/moznost-naseho-narozeni-je-nula\/","title":{"rendered":"Mo\u017enost na\u0161eho narozen\u00ed je nula"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V\u011bdec <em>Mel Robbins<\/em> ozn\u00e1mil na konferenci Ted Talk, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobnost narozen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho jedince je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 k 400.000.000.000.000 (trili\u00f3n\u016fm). (1)<\/strong><!--more-->Podobn\u00e9 studie se rozhodl prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk konference, <em>Ali Binazir<\/em> (2). Ten sn\u00ed\u017eil tuto \u0161anci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na nulu.<\/p>\n<p><em>Dr. Binazir<\/em> nen\u00ed jen <em>psycholog.<\/em> Studoval na Harvardu, pot\u00e9 z\u00edskal titul v oboru l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed na Kalifornsk\u00e9 universit\u011b, a nakonec studoval filozofii v Cambridge.<\/p>\n<p>Nejprve se <em>Binazir<\/em> pokusil vypo\u010d\u00edtat pravd\u011bpodobnost setk\u00e1n\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f budouc\u00edho d\u00edt\u011bte. P\u0159itom vzal v \u00favahu celkov\u00fd po\u010det mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, stejn\u011b jako po\u010det osob opa\u010dn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi se mohou rodi\u010de setkat do v\u011bku 25 let (podle statistik v tomto obdob\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji k s\u0148atk\u016fm a po\u010det\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed). Pot\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edtal pravd\u011bpodobnost toho, \u017ee se mu\u017e a \u017eena cht\u011bj\u00ed znovu setkat navz\u00e1jem, a vznik n\u011bjak\u00e9ho vztahu, a kone\u010dn\u011b, \u017ee konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed spermie s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm vaj\u00ed\u010dkem se spoj\u00ed a stvo\u0159\u00ed nov\u00fd \u017eivot. Tak\u00e9 vzal v \u00favahu pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee v\u0161ichni p\u0159edkov\u00e9 dan\u00e9 osoby mohly m\u00edt d\u011bti.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br, ke kter\u00e9mu v\u011bdec do\u0161el, byl paradoxn\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;Pravd\u011bpodobnost p\u0159\u00edchodu \u010dlov\u011bka na sv\u011bt se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nule.&#8220; &#8222;P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee dva miliony lid\u00ed hraj\u00ed kostky,\u201c<\/em> &#8211; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk. <em>\u201eHraj\u00ed s kostkou, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 trili\u00f3n hran. V\u0161ichni sou\u010dasn\u011b hod\u00ed kostkou, a u v\u0161ech padlo to sam\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed analogi\u00ed se <em>Binazir<\/em> obr\u00e1til k buddhistick\u00e9mu u\u010den\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee n\u011bkde v oce\u00e1nu je z\u00e1chrann\u00fd kruh. V oce\u00e1nu \u017eije jen jedna \u017eelva, kter\u00e1 plave pod vodou. Mo\u017enost vzniku lidsk\u00e9 existence je stejn\u00e1 jako pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee tato \u017eelva vyplave na hladinu a stref\u00ed se do z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho kruhu na prvn\u00ed pokus.&#8220;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aby zkontroloval spr\u00e1vnost t\u00e9to metafory, srovnal Binazir vodn\u00ed plochu v\u0161ech oce\u00e1n\u016f na Zemi s rozm\u011brem z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho kruhu. Do\u0161el k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u0161ance \u017eelvy na setk\u00e1n\u00ed se z\u00e1chrann\u00fdm kruhem se rovn\u00e1 1 k 700 miliard\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee &#8211; na\u0161e narozen\u00ed je v\u00fdsledkem n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed gen\u016f. Je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem m\u016f\u017ee &#8222;dostat&#8220;, \u0159ekn\u011bme, krasavice nebo g\u00e9nia&#8230;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;Proto\u017ee se d\u011bj\u00ed z\u00e1zraky, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 tvrdit, \u017ee to je docela neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9,\u201c &#8211;<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 <em>Ali Binazir. \u201eT\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edkladem jsem cht\u011bl uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk je z\u00e1zrak. Tak to ch\u00e1pejme a ct\u011bme, a chovejme se, jako kdyby jste byli z\u00e1zrakem, a to je pravda.&#8220;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ale pokud p\u016fjdeme hloub\u011bji, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nejsou zas tak jedine\u010dn\u00ed. Tak in\u017een\u00fdr, fyzik Derek M\u00fcller prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obvykl\u00e9ho bin\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou obsa\u017eeny v lidsk\u00e9m genomu. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 bu\u0148ka v na\u0161em t\u011ble obsahuje asi 1,5 gigabajtu genetick\u00e9 informace. (3)<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v t\u011ble je asi 40 trili\u00f3n\u016f bun\u011bk, celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed v n\u011bm je asi 60 zettabajt\u016f. Ale p\u0159itom 99,9 procent genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v\u0161ech lid\u00ed jsou stejn\u00e9, a jen jedna tis\u00edcina genetick\u00e9 informace je jedine\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, lidstvo se u\u017e ne tak bezmy\u0161lenkovit\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uje k plozen\u00ed potomstva. Od d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob se s\u0148atky uzav\u00edraly na z\u00e1klad\u011b klanov\u00fdch a kastovn\u00edch preferenc\u00ed, tak\u00e9 se braly v \u00favahu d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 faktory potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho partnera, fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti jeho zdrav\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cetn\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee si podv\u011bdom\u011b vyb\u00edr\u00e1me partnery, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1m mohou poskytnout zdrav\u00e9 a kvalitn\u00ed potomstvo. Ale v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z University v Coloradu zjistili, \u017ee m\u00e1me tendenci vybrat si sv\u00e9 man\u017eely a man\u017eelky s podobn\u00fdm genotypem. Po studiu polymorfism\u016f v genomech r\u016fzn\u00fdch jedinc\u016f v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee DNA dvou lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed dlouhou dobu v p\u00e1ru, maj\u00ed v\u00edce spole\u010dn\u00e9ho, ne\u017e libovoln\u00ed dva n\u00e1hodn\u011b vybran\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m nebo man\u017eelsk\u00e9m vztahu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8222;Je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee man\u017eel\u00e9 jsou si podobn\u00ed navz\u00e1jem, pokud jde nap\u0159\u00edklad, o \u00farove\u0148 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159ekl jeden z autor\u016f studie, <em>Benjamin Domingo<\/em> (4). <em>\u201eGenetick\u00e1 podobnost mezi man\u017eely je je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e1lo prostudov\u00e1no.&#8220;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee zu\u017eujeme-li v\u00fdb\u011br partnera, zvy\u0161ujeme tak \u0161anci m\u00edt d\u011bti s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Tak\u017ee argumenty o &#8222;h\u0159e v kostky&#8220;, zda d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ijde na sv\u011bt, je v\u00edce teorie ne\u017e praxe.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/n3\/787114-scientists-calculate-the-probability-of-your-existence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(2) <a href=\"http:\/\/alibinazir.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/alibinazir.com\/<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(3) <a href=\"http:\/\/cdr.cz\/clanek\/bylo-zjisteno-ze-lidsky-genom-je-slozen-pouze-z-15-gb-dat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cdr.cz\/clanek\/bylo-zjisteno-ze-lidsky-genom-je-slozen-pouze-z-15-gb-dat<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(4) <a href=\"http:\/\/news.syr.edu\/q-a-director-of-health-services-benjamin-domingo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.syr.edu\/q-a-director-of-health-services-benjamin-domingo\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u011bdec Mel Robbins ozn\u00e1mil na konferenci Ted Talk, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobnost narozen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho jedince je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 k 400.000.000.000.000 (trili\u00f3n\u016fm).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":218,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[60,51],"class_list":["post-429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","tag-clovek","tag-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=429"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":430,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions\/430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}