{"id":434,"date":"2023-06-04T00:08:15","date_gmt":"2023-06-03T22:08:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=434"},"modified":"2023-06-01T02:51:58","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T00:51:58","slug":"chovaji-se-potkani-jako-lide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/06\/04\/chovaji-se-potkani-jako-lide\/","title":{"rendered":"Chovaj\u00ed se potkani jako lid\u00e9?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Francouzsk\u00fd spisovatel Bernard Werbera<\/em> (1) je autorem knihy „Encyklopedie relativn\u00edho a absolutn\u00edho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed“<\/em>, ve kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed dost neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 v\u011bci takov\u00fdm stylem, je\u017e m\u016f\u017ee \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e zm\u00e1st.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Werber<\/em> ve sv\u00e9 knize popisuje pokus, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk v laborato\u0159i biologick\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed na Universit\u011b v Nancy Didier Dezor<\/em> um\u00edstil ve stejn\u00e9 kleci \u0161est potkan\u016f. Jedin\u00e1 cesta ven z klece vedla do baz\u00e9nku, kter\u00fd bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ekonat, aby se my\u0161i dostaly k misce s j\u00eddlem. Brzy se krysy rozd\u011blily na skupiny – dva vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatel\u00e9, pro kter\u00e9 pracovali dva plavci, jeden nez\u00e1visl\u00fd plavec a jeden ob\u011btn\u00ed ber\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n

Plavci plavali a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli j\u00eddlo. Prvn\u00ed se nasytili vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatel\u00e9, pak plavci, a pak ob\u011btn\u00ed ber\u00e1nek. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fd plavec si p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el j\u00eddlo a s nik\u00fdm se ned\u011blil. Stejn\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktura se utvo\u0159ila ve dvaceti dal\u0161\u00edch klec\u00edch s nov\u00fdmi potkany.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Didier<\/em> dal dohromady \u0161est vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatel\u016f, bojovali celou noc, a pak se utvo\u0159ila stejn\u00e1 struktura jako v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/p>\n

Je tomu tak ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eO tomto pokusu jsem nic nesly\u0161el,\u201c<\/em> \u0159ekl biolog Alexander \u010cernavskij. \u201eAno, o boj\u00edch samc\u016f a samic se v\u00ed, v z\u00e1vislosti na jejich v\u011bku. Pokud byli v klec\u00edch jen samci, nutn\u011b by po boji vy\u0161el v\u00edt\u011bzn\u011b jedin\u00fd v\u016fdce – jeden, ne dva. Pokud by ve skupin\u011b byly i samice, je jedno kolik, v\u016fdce by si je zabral pro sebe. To by pak mohli b\u00fdt oni „vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatel\u00e9\u201c. Ale kdy\u017e d\u00e1te do klece p\u011bt samic a samce, pak v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech on s\u00e1m by za\u010dal sh\u00e1n\u011bt pro n\u011b potravu. Mimochodem, pokud j\u00eddla bude hodn\u011b, krysy za\u010dnou krmit i star\u00e9 a nemocn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9. Ale jen z jejich st\u00e1da, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed stejnou v\u016fni.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Mnohem v\u00edce je zn\u00e1m jin\u00fd pokus. Ve voli\u00e9\u0159e o plo\u0161e 64 metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a pln\u011b simuluj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159irozen\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, nasadili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci des\u00edtky krys – samc\u016f i samic z 15 r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupin. V prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi se zv\u00ed\u0159ata chovala m\u00edrumilovn\u011b. Boje za\u010daly pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e se za\u010daly tvo\u0159it rodiny a za\u010dali si d\u011blit teritorium. Prvn\u00ed utvo\u0159en\u00e1 dvojice se za\u010dala vrhat na nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed potkany oboj\u00edho pohlav\u00ed. Pak p\u0159i\u0161la bitva „p\u00e1r proti p\u00e1ru<\/em>.“ Samci bojovali se samci a samice se samicemi. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee pora\u017een\u00ed odm\u00edtli vytvo\u0159it „bu\u0148ku spole\u010dnosti<\/em>“ a uprchli do r\u016fzn\u00fdch konc\u016f klece. Po dvou t\u00fddnech ve voli\u00e9\u0159e z\u016fstala jen jedna rodina.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernard_Werber<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francouzsk\u00fd spisovatel Bernard Werbera (1) je autorem knihy „Encyklopedie relativn\u00edho a absolutn\u00edho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed“, ve kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed dost neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 v\u011bci takov\u00fdm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":312,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","tag-clovek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=434"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":435,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/434\/revisions\/435"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}