{"id":470,"date":"2023-06-11T00:28:54","date_gmt":"2023-06-10T22:28:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=470"},"modified":"2023-06-18T19:34:51","modified_gmt":"2023-06-18T17:34:51","slug":"po-ctyricitce-zacina-mozek-usychat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/06\/11\/po-ctyricitce-zacina-mozek-usychat\/","title":{"rendered":"Po \u010dty\u0159ic\u00edtce za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 mozek usychat"},"content":{"rendered":"

U 85 let\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017e jen tolik b\u00edl\u00e9 hmoty, jako u 7 let\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte<\/strong>Jak st\u00e1rne lidsk\u00fd mozek, co v n\u011bm prob\u00edh\u00e1 \u2013 to prozkoumali v\u011bdci ze Stanfordsk\u00e9 univerzity<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ud\u011blali CT u 102 dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f ve v\u011bku od 7 – 85 let. Zjistili, \u017ee zm\u011bny souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s v\u011bkem maj\u00ed vliv p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na takzvanou b\u00edlou hmotu \u2013 neuronov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna – axony, co\u017e jsou jak\u00e9si „dr\u00e1ty“, kter\u00e9 propojuj\u00ed neurony navz\u00e1jem. (1)<\/p>\n

Podle vedouc\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu profesora Briana Wandella<\/em> (2), r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mozku, degraduj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed se mno\u017estv\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 hmoty sn\u00ed\u017eilo mnohem rychleji ne\u017e u ostatn\u00edch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, v oblastech, odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch za vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, je ztr\u00e1ta maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed. A minimum ztr\u00e1t je v oblastech souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kontrolou pohybu.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edce b\u00edl\u00e9 hmoty maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 ve v\u011bku 30 a\u017e 50 let. V pr\u016fm\u011bru, jak v\u011bdci zjistili, degradace za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 kolem \u010dty\u0159ic\u00edtky. A v 85 letech z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e9 hmoty tolik, jako u 7 let\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci vysv\u011btluj\u00ed:<\/strong> na\u0161e experimenty nebyly uskute\u010dn\u011bny proto, aby uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee st\u00e1rnut\u00ed je \u0161patn\u00e9. C\u00edlem bylo zjistit, jak\u00fd stav mozku je normou pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupiny, se z\u0159etelem na zm\u011bny norm\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Oblasti mozku, ve kter\u00fdch jsou patrn\u00e9 oblasti \u00fabytku b\u00edl\u00e9 hmoty v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u011bku. \u010cerven\u00e9 oblasti jsou m\u00edsta nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn, modr\u00e9 \u2013 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 sice mysl\u00ed pomalu, ale jsou schopni produkovat skv\u011bl\u00e9 my\u0161lenky<\/p>\n

B\u00edl\u00e1 hmota zab\u00edr\u00e1 asi polovinu mozku. \u00dabytek jej\u00edho objemu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let nevede ke katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u00fapadku inteligence. Koneckonc\u016f, neurony, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed \u0161edou hmotu \u2013 tedy z\u00e1klad inteligence, nemiz\u00ed, a ta tedy nen\u00ed ovlivn\u011bna.<\/p>\n

Degradace b\u00edl\u00e9 hmoty u star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje zpomalen\u00ed p\u0159enosu nervov\u00fdch impuls\u016f z neuronu do neuronu, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 axony. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee \u010das pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro rozhodnut\u00ed, se prodlu\u017euje. Ale na rozhodnut\u00ed se nic nem\u011bn\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i geni\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jednou za m\u011bs\u00edc jsou \u017eeny moud\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Belinda Pletzer<\/em> (3) a jej\u00ed rakou\u0161t\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 na univerzit\u011b z University v Salzburgu v Rakousku, po cel\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce skenovaly mozky \u017een tomografem.<\/p>\n

A zjistili, \u017ee i mozek se m\u011bn\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu menstrua\u010dn\u00edho cyklu. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b, p\u0159i ovulaci, kdy\u017e \u017eena je nejv\u00edce n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 k ot\u011bhotn\u011bn\u00ed. V tomto okam\u017eiku se n\u011bkter\u00e9 oblasti zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed a\u017e o 2 procenta. (4)<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edce \u0161ed\u00e9 hmoty (5). Zejm\u00e9na v t\u011bch oblastech mozku, kter\u00e9 jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za orientaci v ter\u00e9nu, identifikaci osob a subjekt\u016f. \u017dena je celkov\u011b moud\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle rakousk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f na po\u010d\u00e1tku evoluce toto periodick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mozku b\u011bhem ovulace umo\u017enilo samic\u00edm si l\u00e9pe vybrat samce. Tedy – vybrat si nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho otce sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tato funkce se zachovala a\u017e dodnes.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak zd\u016fraznila Belinda, \u00fa\u010dinek je kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd. Po ovulaci hmotnost mozku op\u011bt kles\u00e1. A\u017e do dal\u0161\u00ed „intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed exploze.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%ADl%C3%A1_hmota<\/a><\/em>
\n(2) https:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/group\/vista\/cgi-bin\/wandell\/<\/a><\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/www.uni-salzburg.at\/index.php?id=62357<\/a><\/em>
\n(4) http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/<\/a><\/em>
\n(5) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%A0ed%C3%A1_hmota<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U 85 let\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017e jen tolik b\u00edl\u00e9 hmoty, jako u 7 let\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":198,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,12],"tags":[50,51],"class_list":["post-470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zdravi-2","tag-mozek","tag-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":472,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/470\/revisions\/472"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}