{"id":560,"date":"2023-08-28T00:10:40","date_gmt":"2023-08-27T22:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=560"},"modified":"2023-07-05T23:44:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T21:44:49","slug":"lidske-svedomi-je-skryto-za-obocim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/08\/28\/lidske-svedomi-je-skryto-za-obocim\/","title":{"rendered":"Lidsk\u00e9 sv\u011bdom\u00ed je skryto za obo\u010d\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"

Byla objevena ta \u010d\u00e1st mozku, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za ot\u00e1zku \u2013 je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 moje jedn\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong>And\u011bl a \u010f\u00e1bel<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci z University v Oxfordu, ani\u017e by cht\u011bli, objevili sv\u011bdom\u00ed a m\u00edsto, kde se skr\u00fdv\u00e1. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, nalezli oblast mozku, ve kter\u00e9m lid\u00e9 hodnot\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u010diny. M\u00edsto, kde porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 ji\u017e proveden\u00e9 \u010diny s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 by mohl ud\u011blat v principu. \u0158e\u0161\u00ed, zda jsou dobr\u00e9 nebo \u0161patn\u00e9. Milosrdn\u00e9 nebo bezohledn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Podle slov vedouc\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu Matthew Rushwortha<\/em> (1) nalezen\u00e1 m\u00edsta v mozku se aktivizuj\u00ed poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk mus\u00ed rozhodnout. V\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed povahy – mezi dobrem a zlem.<\/p>\n

Sv\u011bdom\u00ed bylo nalezeno p\u0159i porovn\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho mozku s opi\u010d\u00edm. Tomografick\u00e9 studie 25 dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f-lid\u00ed, uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v prefront\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016f\u0159e (2) maj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b rozs\u00e1hlou strukturu, kter\u00e9 u opic nejsou.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci rozd\u011blili zkouman\u00e9 oblasti do 12 \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Z nich 11 byly toto\u017en\u00e9 u \u010dlov\u011bka i u opic, spojen\u00e9 s ostatn\u00edmi oblastmi mozku podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Jen\u017ee u opic zcela chyb\u00ed takzvan\u00fd ventrolateral frontal cortex (vlFC). A lid\u00e9 ho maj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eJe to vyd\u011blen\u00e1 struktura mozku, kter\u00e1 je jedine\u010dn\u00e1 pro lidi, a odli\u0161uje ho od zv\u00ed\u0159at,\u201c \u0159ekl Rushworth v \u010dl\u00e1nku, publikovan\u00e9m ve specializovan\u00e9m odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise Neuron. (3)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka jsou dv\u011b tato m\u00edsta. Jsou um\u00edst\u011bna za obo\u010d\u00edm \u2013 z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu jsou odd\u011blena na protilehl\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch hlavy. Jakoby na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b byl na\u0161ept\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed and\u011bl a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b \u2013 \u010f\u00e1bel\u2026<\/p>\n

V \u017eivot\u011b, tomu tak ve skute\u010dnosti i je. V\u011bdom\u011b a n\u011bkdy nev\u011bdom\u011b se v n\u00e1s p\u0159ou dva hlasy \u2013 dobr\u00e9 a \u0161patn\u00e9. A pak m\u00e1me nebo nem\u00e1me v\u00fd\u010ditky za to, co jsme ud\u011blali. Radujeme se a nebo n\u00e1s n\u011bco tr\u00e1p\u00ed. Nebo litujeme ztracen\u00e9 \u0161ance. I takov\u00e9 „radosti“ n\u00e1m, mimochodem, tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipravuje ventrolateral frontal cortex.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc se v\u011bdci domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee nalezen\u00e1 m\u00edsta d\u00e1vaj\u00ed lidem schopnost strategick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo schopnost \u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f najednou. Ale co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pou\u010dit se z chyb – vlastn\u00edch nebo druh\u00fdch. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee lid\u00e9 chyby zpravidla neopakuj\u00ed. Pro\u010d ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed to st\u00e1le neum\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Podle jedn\u00e9 z nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch hypot\u00e9z, \u00fasp\u011bch v realizaci za\u017eit\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti ventrolater\u00e1ln\u00ed front\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016fry. Ty jsou i velmi zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u2013 je velikosti mandarinky, nebo t\u0159eba jen \u0161vestky. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed ji maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, chybuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/www.psy.ox.ac.uk\/team\/principal-investigators\/matthew-rushworth<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozkov%C3%A1_k%C5%AFra<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/www.cell.com\/neuron\/abstract\/S0896-6273%2813%2901080-5<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Byla objevena ta \u010d\u00e1st mozku, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za ot\u00e1zku \u2013 je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 moje jedn\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-mozek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=560"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":565,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/560\/revisions\/565"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}