{"id":572,"date":"2023-07-08T00:00:40","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T22:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=572"},"modified":"2023-07-06T02:03:15","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T00:03:15","slug":"magneticke-pole-lek-na-lzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/07\/08\/magneticke-pole-lek-na-lzi\/","title":{"rendered":"Magnetick\u00e9 pole – l\u00e9k na l\u017ei"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jak donutit \u010dlov\u011bka mluvit pravdu a nic ne\u017e pravdu?<\/strong>
\nTouto ot\u00e1zkou se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed – vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9, u\u010ditel\u00e9, rodi\u010de i \u017e\u00e1rliv\u00e9 man\u017eelky a ustaran\u00ed rodi\u010de dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Eston\u0161t\u00ed neurov\u011bdci nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee objevili nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak „vypnout“ u \u010dlov\u011bka schopnost lh\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, ne ka\u017ed\u00fd je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee je to cesta k p\u0159ev\u00fdchov\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9ho lh\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z University Tartu tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee magnetick\u00e9 pole ovliv\u0148uje lidsk\u00fd mozek podobn\u011b, jako je s\u00e9rum pravdy.<\/p>\n

Le\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme ch\u00e1pat jako zjevn\u00e9 l\u017ei, jako z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepravdy, p\u0159\u00edmo \u010di nep\u0159\u00edmo, s n\u011bjak\u00fdm c\u00edlem nebo bez n\u011bj (jako nap\u0159\u00edklad u patologick\u00fdch lh\u00e1\u0159\u016f).<\/p>\n

Ale co je takov\u00e1 le\u017e na biochemick\u00e9 \u00farovni?<\/p>\n

Reaguje mozek na to, \u017ee n\u00e1mi pron\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 fakta nesouhlas\u00ed s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 vlastn\u011b zn\u00e1me?<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9koliv \u00famysln\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 u \u010dlov\u011bka \u0159adu psycho-fyziologick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Reakce, prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v nervov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i sd\u011blen\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch informac\u00ed, jsou velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9 od t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed pravdivou \u0159e\u010d.<\/p>\n

Tento zn\u00e1m\u00fd princip je pou\u017eit ve zn\u00e1m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstroji \u2013 polygrafu – detektoru l\u017ei.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed deseti lety, v \u0159\u00edjnu 2001, neurofyziologov\u00e9 z l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty University v Pennsylvanii p\u0159edlo\u017eili zpr\u00e1vu o tom, jak vypad\u00e1 mozkov\u00e1 aktivita \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd l\u017ee.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci po\u017e\u00e1dali skupinu dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, aby „oklamali“ po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, a kontroln\u00ed skupina m\u011bla pravdiv\u011b odpov\u00eddat na ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n

Skenov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f experimentu uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee p\u0159edn\u00ed mozkov\u00e1 k\u016fra, a sice, jej\u00ed oblasti zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za pozornost a kontrolu chyb – byly v\u00edce aktivn\u00ed, kdy\u017e \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci lhali.<\/p>\n

Organiz\u00e1to\u0159i tohoto experimentu do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee le\u017e se projevuje ne dodate\u010dnou aktivitou k\u016fry, ale ve sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed aktivity t\u011bch oblast\u00ed mozku, odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch za pravdu.<\/p>\n

\u0160estn\u00e1ct dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f na estonsk\u00e9 Universit\u011b v Tartu, pro\u0161lo transkrani\u00e1ln\u00ed magnetickou stimulac\u00ed: k\u016fru jejich mozku stimulovali bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kontaktu s n\u00ed, za pomoc\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch puls\u016f.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u00e1 nucen\u00e1 stimulace jak\u00e9koli \u010d\u00e1sti mozku m\u011bla sn\u00ed\u017eit mo\u017enou „v\u011bdomou“ aktivitu na tomto \u00faseku.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci experimentu byli po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni, aby nazvali barvu figury, kter\u00e1 jim byla uk\u00e1z\u00e1na na obrazovce po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00edho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed mohli lh\u00e1t nebo d\u00e1t pravdivou odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed s\u00e9rii experiment\u016f v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci stimulovali elektromagnetick\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm prefront\u00e1ln\u00ed kortex, kter\u00fd je pr\u00e1v\u011b spojen s funkc\u00ed pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V druh\u00e9 s\u00e9rii stimulovali pariet\u00e1ln\u00ed, temenn\u00ed oblast, kter\u00e1 nem\u00e1 vztah k t\u011bmto schopnostem.<\/p>\n

Experiment prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee v prvn\u00ed s\u00e9rii experiment\u016f lid\u00e9 lhali podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, kritici argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vyvozovat v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry zalo\u017een\u00e9 na experimentech s tak malou skupinou osob.<\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout je\u0161t\u011b jin\u00fd v\u00fdzkum kognitivn\u00edch proces\u016f.<\/p>\n

V roce 2009 harvard\u0161t\u00ed psychologov\u00e9, pod veden\u00edm dr. Greena, zjistili, \u017ee mozek lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00ed ke l\u017ei a ne\u010destn\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, reaguje jinak i p\u0159i vysloven\u00ed pravdy.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed s\u00e9rii zkou\u0161ek dal Dr. Green \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost lh\u00e1t. Tak snadno rozd\u011blil dobrovoln\u00edky na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou a nejsou n\u00e1chyln\u00ed ke l\u017ei.<\/p>\n

V druh\u00e9 s\u00e9rii pokus\u016f bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee mozek prot\u0159el\u00fdch lh\u00e1\u0159\u016f vykazuje zv\u00fd\u0161enou aktivitu, i kdy\u017e mluv\u00ed pravdu! Nav\u00edc, aktivn\u00ed byly stejn\u00e9 oblasti, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za kontrolu informac\u00ed i koncentraci.<\/p>\n

Tam, kde \u010destn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nevid\u011bl jinou mo\u017enost, lh\u00e1\u0159 byl nucen u\u010dinit v\u011bdomou volbu – zda m\u00e1 v tu chv\u00edli \u0159\u00edkat pravdu nebo ne, co\u017e vyvolalo dal\u0161\u00ed aktivitu mozkov\u00e9 k\u016fry.<\/p>\n

To sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee stimulace magnetick\u00fdmi pulsy oslabuje schopnost lh\u00e1t u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u010dasto uchyluj\u00ed ke l\u017ei – proto\u017ee jejich mozek je aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma mo\u017enostmi.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, zda l\u00e9ka\u0159i se n\u011bkdy objev\u00ed spolehliv\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak rozli\u0161it pravdu od l\u017ei a donut\u00ed lidi, aby mluvili pravdu.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm, podle \u010detn\u00fdch pokus\u016f, odli\u0161it pravdu od l\u017ei lze pouze v 54 procentech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee takov\u00fd v\u00fdsledek je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b zhruba stejn\u00fd, jako kdy\u017e pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zda \u010dlov\u011bk l\u017ee nebo ne, si hod\u00edme minc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed ov\u0161em je, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v depresi, jsou pravdomluvn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e zdrav\u00ed lid\u00e9.
\nJe to mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, \u017ee se u nich sni\u017euje motivace k dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f, necht\u011bj\u00ed d\u011blat dobr\u00fd dojem a nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed t\u011b\u017eit z toho, co by bylo \u0159e\u010deno.<\/p>\n

Ale kdy\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk op\u011bt zotav\u00ed z nostalgie, za\u010dnou zase norm\u00e1ln\u00ed „zdrav\u00e9“ snahy a tu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i snahu lh\u00e1t\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak donutit \u010dlov\u011bka mluvit pravdu a nic ne\u017e pravdu?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","tag-mozek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=572"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":573,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572\/revisions\/573"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}