{"id":638,"date":"2023-07-28T00:56:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T22:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=638"},"modified":"2023-07-29T22:01:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T20:01:51","slug":"vyzkum-mimosmyslovych-schopnosti-cloveka-pomoci-eeg-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/07\/28\/vyzkum-mimosmyslovych-schopnosti-cloveka-pomoci-eeg-1\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdzkum mimosmyslov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka pomoc\u00ed EEG (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Smysl v\u00fdzkum\u016f schopnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-641 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cp_vyzkum_ms_eeg-gruber-el.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"120\" height=\"167\" \/>V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum mimosmyslov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka je cesta, jak naj\u00edt d\u016fkazy pro existenci r\u016fzn\u00fdch jev\u016f a jak nal\u00e9zt zp\u016fsob jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed schopnost\u00ed osob se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi schopnostmi umo\u017en\u00ed vyhnout se podvodn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Potvrzen\u00ed t\u011bchto schopnost\u00ed dojde k jejich prezentaci a tak i mo\u017enost roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mo\u017enosti l\u00e9\u010dby a pomoc nemocn\u00fdm lidem s mnoha neduhy.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzkum PSI schopnost\u00ed prob\u00edhaly v\u011bt\u0161inou tajn\u011b a jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 experimenty jsou odtajn\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je soust\u0159edit informace o t\u011bchto pokusech, p\u0159isp\u011bt k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jejich v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Vznikaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 nov\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 centra, kter\u00e1 mohou v\u00fdzkum up\u0159esnit a vyu\u017e\u00edt v praxi ve spolupr\u00e1ci s l\u00e9ka\u0159i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pomoc\u00ed EEG, EMG a EKG, objasn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch pojm\u016f<\/p>\n<p>EEG &#8211; elektroencefalogram (1) &#8211; m\u011b\u0159\u00ed zm\u011bny elektrick\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f v \u010dase. Je to elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed miliard bun\u011bk v t\u011ble. EEG m\u011b\u0159\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na hlav\u011b, tedy pr\u00e1ci mozku, EKG \u2013 elektrokardiogram (2) &#8211; m\u011b\u0159\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na srdci.<\/p>\n<p>EEG nelze tak jasn\u011b \u010d\u00edst jako k\u0159ivku EKG, proto\u017ee je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a na vznikl\u00e9 vlny &#8211; zm\u011bny nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u00e1 vliv sebemen\u0161\u00ed pohyb \u2013 mrknut\u00ed oka, polknut\u00ed, n\u00e1dech a v\u00fddech a jak\u00e9koliv pohyby t\u011bla.<br \/>\nM\u011b\u0159\u00ed se v jednotk\u00e1ch frekvence Hz (herz) \u2026 a amplituda mV (milivolty)<br \/>\nFrekvence vln\u011bn\u00ed: vlny alfa, beta, delta, theta.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e na hlavu n\u011bjak\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka p\u0159ipevn\u00edme mal\u00e9 elektrody, m\u016f\u017eeme m\u011b\u0159it m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se elektrick\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ly. To jsou elektrick\u00e9 reakce, jimi\u017e se projevuje \u010dinnost miliard mozkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu mnohalet\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee z\u00e1znam t\u011bchto elektrick\u00fdch aktivit, takzvan\u00fd elektroencefalogram (EEG), umo\u017e\u0148uje spolehliv\u011b ur\u010dit r\u016fzn\u00e9 stavy v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V bd\u011bl\u00e9m v\u011bdom\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozli\u0161it r\u016fzn\u00e9 stupn\u011b bd\u011bn\u00ed. Ty jsou indikov\u00e1ny v\u00fdchylkami amplitudy v rozmez\u00ed od 10 do 20 mikrovoltu (mV) a frekvence v rozmez\u00ed od 10 do 40 hertz\u016f (Hz). Uvoln\u011bn\u00e1 pozornost se projevuje takzvan\u00fdm rytmem alfa. Vlny alfa vykazuj\u00ed velmi konstantn\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh a frekvenci zhruba od 8 Hz do 13 Hz. Stav ospalosti je zpravidla doprov\u00e1zen rozpadem rytmu alfa a pomalej\u0161\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed vln (4-8 Hz). Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk usne, objev\u00ed se takzvan\u00e1 sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 v\u0159et\u00e9nka. To jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 n\u00e1razy o frekvenci kolem 14 Hz, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed s velmi n\u00edzkou amplitudou, kter\u00e1 se postupn\u011b zvy\u0161uje a na \u00farove\u0148 30-40 mV a potom op\u011bt klesne. Sp\u00e1nek proch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdmi stadii, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak f\u00e1zemi sn\u016f. Hlubok\u00fd bezesn\u00fd sp\u00e1nek se projevuje extr\u00e9mn\u011b pomal\u00fdmi vlnami delta (1 Hz nebo je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b) s vysokou amplitudou (100 mV a v\u00edc).<\/p>\n<p>Evokovan\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ly \u2013 jak \u010dlov\u011bk opakovan\u011b reaguje na zn\u00e1m\u00fd podn\u011bt. Graf EEG se potom po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u011b zjednodu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed EMG \u2013 elektromyografie (3) &#8211; kde se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed magnetick\u00e1 intenzita magnetick\u00e9ho pole \u010dlov\u011bka je p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ale m\u00e9n\u011b dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) <a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elektroencefalogram\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elektroencefalogram<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(2) <a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elektrokardiogram\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elektrokardiogram<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(3) <a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elektromyografie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elektromyografie<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Obr.: Elmar R. Gruber: <a href=\"http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elmar_R._Gruber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elmar_R._Gruber<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Smysl v\u00fdzkum\u016f schopnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":198,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[72],"class_list":["post-638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","tag-eeg"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=638"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/638\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":658,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/638\/revisions\/658"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}