{"id":879,"date":"2023-09-11T00:13:11","date_gmt":"2023-09-10T22:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=879"},"modified":"2023-09-30T22:16:04","modified_gmt":"2023-09-30T20:16:04","slug":"10-zajimavosti-o-zvuku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/09\/11\/10-zajimavosti-o-zvuku\/","title":{"rendered":"10 zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed o zvuku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Kde se bere \u0161um mo\u0159e v mu\u0161l\u00edch, jak se zvuk m\u011bn\u00ed na sv\u011btlo, pro\u010d ze z\u00e1znamu n\u00e1\u0161 hlas zn\u00ed jinak &#8230;?<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\nZvuk je prvn\u00ed v\u011bc, se kterou se \u010dlov\u011bk setk\u00e1, kdy\u017e se objev\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. A posledn\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou sly\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e odch\u00e1z\u00ed. Av\u0161ak mezi prvn\u00edm a druh\u00fdm momentem projde cel\u00fd \u017eivot. A to v\u0161echno je postaveno na zvuc\u00edch, t\u00f3nech, \u0159evu, hudb\u011b, obecn\u011b &#8211; kompletn\u00ed kakofonii zvuk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zde je deset nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch fakt o zvuku<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Jeho hladina se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v decibelech (dB). Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed prahov\u00e1 hodnota pro lidsk\u00e9 ucho (ne\u017e nastoup\u00ed bolest), je 120-130 decibel\u016f. Smrt nast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i 200 dB.<br \/>\n\u2022 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhovor &#8211; asi 45 do 55 dB.<br \/>\n\u2022 zvuky v kancel\u00e1\u0159i &#8211; 55-65 dB.<br \/>\n\u2022 hluk na ulici &#8211; 70-80 dB.<br \/>\n\u2022 motocykl s tlumi\u010dem &#8211; 85 dB.<br \/>\n\u2022 proudov\u00fd letoun p\u0159i startu &#8211; 130 dB.<br \/>\n\u2022 raketa &#8211; 145 dB.<\/p>\n<p>2. Zvuk a hluk nen\u00ed to sam\u00e9. I kdy\u017e oby\u010dejn\u00fdm lidem se to tak jev\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci v\u0161ak mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma pojmy vid\u00ed velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl. Zvuk \u2013 to jsou vibrace vn\u00edman\u00e9 smysly zv\u00ed\u0159at a lid\u00ed. Ale hluk &#8211; to je chaotick\u00fd mix zvuk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>3. N\u00e1\u0161 hlas ze z\u00e1znamu je jin\u00fd, ne\u017e se sami sly\u0161\u00edme. Pro\u010d? Je to divn\u00e9, ale je to pravda. A probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme, n\u00e1\u0161 hlas je vn\u00edm\u00e1n dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby &#8211; zvn\u011bj\u0161ku (p\u0159es zvukovod, u\u0161n\u00ed bub\u00ednek a st\u0159edn\u00ed ucho) a vnit\u0159n\u011b (p\u0159es tk\u00e1\u0148 hlavy, kter\u00e1 zesiluje n\u00edzk\u00e9 t\u00f3ny hlasu).<br \/>\nA p\u0159i poslechu na\u0161eho hlasu ze z\u00e1znamu se na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00edl\u00ed pouze vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kan\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>4. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 mohou sly\u0161et zvuk p\u0159i ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edch bulv. A tak\u00e9 i sv\u016fj dech. K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed d\u00edky defektu vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha, kdy\u017e je jeho senzitivita zv\u00fd\u0161ena nad norm\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0160um mo\u0159e, kter\u00fd sly\u0161\u00edme z mo\u0159sk\u00fdch mu\u0161l\u00ed, je jen zvuk krve proud\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159es na\u0161e c\u00e9vy. Stejn\u00fd zvuk m\u016f\u017eete sly\u0161et, kdy\u017e d\u00e1te ucho k norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u0161\u00e1lku. Zkuste to!<\/p>\n<p>6. I hluch\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b sly\u0161et. Jen jeden p\u0159\u00edklad za v\u0161echny: slavn\u00fd skladatel Beethoven, byl hluch\u00fd, ale mohl vytvo\u0159it velk\u00e1 hudebn\u00ed d\u00edla. Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem? Poslouchal &#8230; zubama! Skladatel si p\u0159ilo\u017eil ke klav\u00edru jeden konec ty\u010de a druh\u00fd konec stiskl do zub\u016f &#8211; tak\u017ee zvuk dos\u00e1hl vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha, kter\u00e9 m\u011bl skladatel zcela zdrav\u00e9, na rozd\u00edl od vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ucha.<\/p>\n<p>7. Zvuk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159eveden na sv\u011btlo. Tento jev se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 &#8222;sonoluminescence.&#8220; Vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e se do vody pono\u0159\u00ed rezon\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159\u00ed sf\u00e9rickou ultrazvukovou vlnu. Ve f\u00e1zi vzniku vlny velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 frekvence vznikne kavita\u010dn\u00ed bublina, kter\u00e1 ur\u010ditou dobu roste, a pak ve f\u00e1zi komprese se rychle zhrout\u00ed. V tomto bod\u011b se ve st\u0159edu bubliny objev\u00ed modr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n<p>8. &#8222;A&#8220; \u2013 je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvuk na sv\u011bt\u011b. Je k dispozici ve v\u0161ech jazyc\u00edch sv\u011bta, kter\u00fdch je asi 6,5 a\u017e 7 tis\u00edc. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed mluv\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsky, \u0161pan\u011blsky, hindsky, anglicky, rusky, portugalsky a arabsky.<\/p>\n<p>9. Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed je, kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk sly\u0161\u00ed m\u011bkce vysloven\u00e1 slova ze vzd\u00e1lenosti nejm\u00e9n\u011b 5-6 metr\u016f, (pokud se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00edzk\u00fd t\u00f3n). Nebo, z 20 metr\u016f ve vysok\u00fdch t\u00f3nech. M\u00e1te-li pot\u00ed\u017ee sly\u0161et hovor ze vzd\u00e1lenosti 2-3 metr\u016f, nechte se vy\u0161et\u0159it audiologem.<\/p>\n<p>10. Nelze si nev\u0161imnout, \u017ee ztr\u00e1c\u00edme sluch. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee takov\u00fd proces prob\u00edh\u00e1, zpravidla, nikoliv n\u00e1hle, ale postupn\u011b. P\u0159i prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch lze situaci je\u0161t\u011b napravit, kdy\u017e si \u010dlov\u011bk v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bco nen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Ale kdy\u017e nastane nevratn\u00fd proces, nelze d\u011blat u\u017e v\u016fbec nic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kde se bere \u0161um mo\u0159e v mu\u0161l\u00edch, jak se zvuk m\u011bn\u00ed na sv\u011btlo, pro\u010d ze z\u00e1znamu n\u00e1\u0161 hlas zn\u00ed jinak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[60,50,24,51],"class_list":["post-879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","tag-clovek","tag-mozek","tag-rec","tag-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":880,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879\/revisions\/880"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}