{"id":895,"date":"2023-09-27T00:24:07","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T22:24:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=895"},"modified":"2025-01-10T00:19:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T23:19:07","slug":"clovek-se-vyvinul-z-opic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/09\/27\/clovek-se-vyvinul-z-opic\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010clov\u011bk se vyvinul z opic"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nyn\u00ed u\u017e o tom nelze pochybovat. Jeho p\u016fvod odhalily nohy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Opi\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bka kdysi \u017eili na stromech a hbit\u011b po nich lezli, dr\u017e\u00edce se za v\u011btve rukama a nohama. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prim\u00e1ti, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161impanzi, to d\u011blaj\u00ed dodnes.<\/p>\n

A to v\u0161e proto, \u017ee chodidla jsou u nich podobn\u00e9 ruk\u00e1m \u2013 maj\u00ed v nich t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejnou ohebnost. A tak jsou opice schopny sv\u00fdmi chodidly se chytit v\u011btv\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako rukama.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 v\u0161ak sv\u00e9 chodidlo neohnou a se sv\u00fdmi chodidly se za v\u011btve nechyt\u00ed. Ale na zemi chod\u00ed pohodln\u011b. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se v podstat\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od opic.<\/p>\n

To d\u00e1v\u00e1 odp\u016frc\u016fm Darwinovy teorie argument, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed s opicemi spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u016fvod.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Bostonsk\u00e9 university, Dr. Jeremy DeSilva (1) a jeho kolegyn\u011b Simone Gill (2) podali proti tomuto tvrzen\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd argument.<\/p>\n

Zjistili, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed chodidla skoro jako opice \u2013 mohou je ohnout v chodidle ve st\u0159edu vzd\u00e1lenosti od podlo\u017eky k pat\u011b.<\/p>\n

Co\u017e to nen\u00ed d\u016fkaz o znaku spole\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f?<\/p>\n

Naj\u00edt lidi s t\u011bmito schopnostmi nohy pomohlo Bostonsk\u00e9 museum v\u011bdy (Boston Museum of Science).<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci po\u017e\u00e1dali n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, aby si sundali boty a bos\u00ed se pro\u0161li po speci\u00e1ln\u00edm koberci, tvo\u0159en\u00e9m jakoby v\u011btvi\u010dkami.<\/p>\n

P\u0159itom byly nohy n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f detailn\u011b filmov\u00e1ny. Celkem bylo tak prozkoum\u00e1no 398 lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mezi nimi bylo 32 t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli chodidla jako opice, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed na stromech. Tj. asi 8 procent z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu, neboli ka\u017ed\u00fd 13.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry obou v\u011bdc\u016f byly prezentov\u00e1ny v \u010dasopise American Journal of Physical Anthropology (3): ka\u017ed\u00e1 13. osoba m\u016f\u017ee vy\u0161plhat na stromy s obratnost\u00ed opice, je schopn\u00e1 se chytit v\u011btv\u00ed chodidlem. Pokud by ov\u0161em v\u011bd\u011bl o t\u00e9to schopnosti a rozv\u00edjel by ji.<\/p>\n

Ohebn\u00e1 chodidla se zachovala u modern\u00edch lid\u00ed i pot\u00e9, co jejich p\u0159edci p\u0159e\u0161li ze strom\u016f na zem, i kdy\u017e se odd\u011blili od t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali ve v\u011btv\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1\u0161 nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd – Australopithecus sediba (4), kter\u00fd \u017eil p\u0159ed 2 mili\u00f3ny lety, m\u011bl chodidla stejn\u011b ohebn\u00e1 jako ka\u017ed\u00fd 13. n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk Bostonsk\u00e9ho muzea v\u011bdy.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee pru\u017en\u00e9 chodidlo ni\u010demu \u010dlov\u011bku nebr\u00e1nilo, a p\u0159i norm\u00e1ln\u00ed ch\u016fzi se nic zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho neprojevilo. Je dokonce mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00e9 chodidlo pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rychle m\u011bnit rychlost pohybu. Ale to je je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159eba ov\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/anthrop\/people\/faculty\/j-desilva\/<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sargent\/profile\/simone-gill\/<\/a><\/em>
\n(3) http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.22287\/abstract<\/a><\/em>
\n(4) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australopithecus_sediba<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nyn\u00ed u\u017e o tom nelze pochybovat. Jeho p\u016fvod odhalily nohy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":492,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8,12],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","category-zdravi-2","tag-clovek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=895"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":897,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/895\/revisions\/897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}