{"id":935,"date":"2023-10-11T00:51:38","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T22:51:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=935"},"modified":"2023-11-15T02:55:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-15T01:55:38","slug":"nas-mozek-muze-spat-po-castech-jako-delfini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/10\/11\/nas-mozek-muze-spat-po-castech-jako-delfini\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1\u0161 mozek m\u016f\u017ee sp\u00e1t po \u010d\u00e1stech, jako delf\u00edni"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdzkum otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 cesty k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nespavosti a ke studiu superschopnost\u00ed<\/strong>
\nSp\u00edte na cest\u00e1ch, us\u00edn\u00e1te na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch? Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee to nen\u00ed jen \u0159e\u010dnick\u00fd obrat, ale v\u011bdeck\u00fd fakt. Lidsk\u00fd mozek je pono\u0159en do sp\u00e1nku ne zcela, ale po \u010d\u00e1stech. A tak\u00e9 se po \u010d\u00e1stech probouz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Delf\u00edni jsou proslul\u00ed touto \u00fa\u017easnou schopnost\u00ed: zat\u00edmco jedna hemisf\u00e9ra sp\u00ed, druh\u00e1 je vzh\u016fru. A jedno oko je otev\u0159en\u00e9. Po n\u011bkolika hodin\u00e1ch si hemisf\u00e9ry vym\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsto. Tito mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed savci tak odpo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed, a jsou v\u017edy ve st\u0159ehu, a p\u0159itom i pluj\u00ed. Pro delf\u00edny je polosp\u00e1nek ot\u00e1zkou p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed: pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed se pravideln\u011b vyno\u0159ovat, aby se nadechli, sledovali pred\u00e1tory, a dr\u017eeli krok se sv\u00fdm hejnem.<\/p>\n

Pokusy s krysami uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee podobnou \u201esuperschopnost\u201c maj\u00ed i hlodavci. B\u011bhem experiment\u016f v\u011bdci nenechali krysy sp\u00e1t, ale ti se p\u0159izp\u016fsobili: n\u011bkter\u00e9 neurony se vypnuly, a\u010dkoli se zv\u00ed\u0159e zd\u00e1lo b\u00fdt vzh\u016fru a d\u00e1l chodilo a \u017eralo.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 to lid\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou tak\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte si, jak skv\u011bl\u00e9 by to bylo! P\u016fl dne sp\u00ed jedna hemisf\u00e9ra, p\u016fl dne druh\u00e1. Byli bychom schopni d\u011blat mnohem p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie v\u011bdc\u016f z University z Wisconsin-Madison (USA), University v Buenos Aires (Argentina) a Goethe University ve Frankfurtu (N\u011bmecko) ukazuje, \u017ee lidsk\u00fd mozek opravdu v\u00ed, jak sp\u00e1t ne \u00fapln\u011b, ale po \u010d\u00e1stech. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 oblasti mozku usnou d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 se probud\u00ed jako prvn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Experimentu se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 36 dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f. \u0160li sp\u00e1t s \u010depi\u010dkami na sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed EEG. Tajemstv\u00edm studie je d\u011blat sou\u010dasn\u011b elektroencefalografii (EEG) a magnetickou rezonanci (MRI).<\/p>\n

EEG m\u011bn\u00ed elektrickou aktivitu v mozku a skv\u011ble ukazuje rychl\u00e9 zm\u011bny, ale poskytuje m\u00e1lo informac\u00ed o tom, jak se r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mozku chovaj\u00ed, vysv\u011btluje Chen Song, jeden z autor\u016f studie. To, \u017ee mozek sp\u00ed, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad tzv. \u201esp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 v\u0159etena\u201c, neboli pomal\u00e9 vlny.<\/p>\n

MRI naproti tomu sleduje krevn\u00ed ob\u011bh v mozku \u2013 jako indik\u00e1tor aktivity neuron\u016f, a s rozli\u0161en\u00edm a\u017e jeden kubick\u00fd milimetr.<\/p>\n

Co nakonec vid\u011bli?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jako prvn\u00ed usne thalamus \u2013 \u010d\u00e1st mozku, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace ze smyslov\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f. Tak\u00e9 hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v procesech, jako je pam\u011b\u0165, koncentrace, \u0159e\u010d. P\u0159edn\u00ed lalok se probouz\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 mnoho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch funkc\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pohybem, pam\u011bt\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle Kate Chan z Vanderbilt University studie otev\u00edr\u00e1 zcela novou cestu pro studium sp\u00e1nku a mozku obecn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Hodit se bude nap\u0159\u00edklad k porovn\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak se chov\u00e1 mozek lid\u00ed se zdrav\u00fdm sp\u00e1nkem, a t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed nespavost\u00ed. A je velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 pochopit, pro\u010d n\u00e1s p\u0159\u00edroda obda\u0159ila schopnost\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b sp\u00e1t a z\u016fstat vzh\u016fru, a jak ji, by\u0165 nev\u011bdom\u011b, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me.<\/p>\n

My o tom v\u016fbec nic nev\u00edme! p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 Chen Song.<\/p>\n

Nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 znaj\u00ed osam\u011bl\u00e9 jachta\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed tr\u00e1v\u00ed t\u00fddny v oce\u00e1nu bez norm\u00e1ln\u00edho sp\u00e1nku? Nebo studenti ma\u010dkaj\u00ed u\u010debnici a\u017e do r\u00e1na a dal\u0161\u00ed ve\u010der slav\u00ed zkou\u0161ku? A maminky miminek? Je logick\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee v\u0161ichni na cest\u00e1ch doslova neusnou, proto\u017ee jejich mozek postupn\u011b vyp\u00edn\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci na\u0161li zp\u016fsob, jak vid\u011bt, o \u010dem \u010dlov\u011bk sn\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci na\u0161li zp\u016fsob, jak ur\u010dit sny \u010dlov\u011bka pohybem o\u010d\u00ed<\/p>\n

Ukazuje se, \u017ee sp\u00e1nek lze \u201ezaznamenat\u201c pohybem o\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Chcete v\u011bd\u011bt, o \u010dem (a o kom) v\u00e1\u0161 man\u017eel sn\u00ed? Nebo si zapi\u0161te brilantn\u00ed z\u00e1pletku samotn\u00e9ho snu \u2013 je to lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 jak\u00e9koli s\u00e9rie! Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u011bdci se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eili k pronik\u00e1n\u00ed do obsahu lidsk\u00fdch sn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jak? Pohyby o\u010d\u00ed za zav\u0159en\u00fdmi v\u00ed\u010dky. B\u011bhem REM f\u00e1ze vid\u00edme ty nej\u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sny \u2013 a o\u010dn\u00ed bulvy se rychle pohybuj\u00ed (ve skute\u010dnosti odtud n\u00e1zev f\u00e1ze). Tato skute\u010dnost je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 ji\u017e dlouhou dobu, ji\u017e od 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy byla objevena REM f\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

Ale pro\u010d se o\u010di pohybuj\u00ed? Ji\u017e n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 spory a debaty. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jsou pohyby o\u010d\u00ed chaotick\u00e9 a v\u016fbec nic neznamenaj\u00ed. Nebo je jejich jedin\u00fd \u00fakol \u010dist\u011b fyziologick\u00fd \u2013 udr\u017eovat o\u010di zvlh\u010den\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i studie proveden\u00e9 na University of California (USA) se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda neexistuje. D\u00edv\u00e1me se na sv\u011bt ve sv\u00fdch snech a pohyby o\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, co tam \u010dlov\u011bk vid\u00ed a d\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edsn\u011b vzato nikoli \u010dlov\u011bk, ale my\u0161, z\u00e1v\u011bry v\u011bdc\u016f vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z pokus\u016f s hlodavci. Maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 REM sp\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n

\u201eDok\u00e1zali jsme, \u017ee pohyby o\u010dn\u00edch bulv nejsou n\u00e1hodn\u00e9. Jsou koordinov\u00e1ny s t\u00edm, co se d\u011bje ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm, imagin\u00e1rn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00fd my\u0161 vid\u00ed ve snu,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Dr. Massimo Scanziani. \u2013 \u201eD\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee jsme dali dohromady puzzle, kter\u00e9 zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 na\u0161e kolegy ji\u017e n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Jak Scanziani a jeho kolegov\u00e9 usp\u011bli?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci zam\u011b\u0159ili svou pozornost na takzvan\u00e9 neurony ve sm\u011bru hlavy, mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na oto\u010den\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny polohy hlavy. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim tak\u00e9 \u201evnit\u0159n\u00ed kompas\u201c.<\/p>\n

Cvi\u010den\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b sledovalo pohyby o\u010d\u00ed sp\u00edc\u00edch my\u0161\u00ed a aktivitu neuron\u016f kompasu. V\u0161echno odpov\u00eddalo!<\/p>\n

Tam, kde se o\u010dn\u00ed bulvy pohybovaly, tam se podle neuron\u016f \u201eoto\u010dila\u201c hlava my\u0161i. Fyzicky byl p\u0159itom hlodavec celkov\u011b nehybn\u00fd a spal. Ukazuje se, \u017ee mozek vn\u00edmal pohyby ve snu (co tam ta my\u0161 d\u011blala, b\u011bhala, hr\u00e1la?) stejn\u011b jako skute\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

A takov\u00fdch koordinovan\u00fdch \u2013 stejn\u011b ve snu i v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b se chovaj\u00edc\u00ed \u2013 \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mozku bylo mnoho.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm: d\u00edvat se na sny jako na seri\u00e1ly je je\u0161t\u011b daleko. Ale prvn\u00ed krok t\u00edmto sm\u011brem byl u\u010din\u011bn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdzkum otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 cesty k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nespavosti a ke studiu superschopnost\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8],"tags":[60,50,15],"class_list":["post-935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory","category-veda","tag-clovek","tag-mozek","tag-sny"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=935"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":936,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/935\/revisions\/936"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}