{"id":948,"date":"2024-05-24T00:55:54","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T22:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=948"},"modified":"2023-11-25T00:04:05","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T23:04:05","slug":"kazdy-muze-byt-prorokem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2024\/05\/24\/kazdy-muze-byt-prorokem\/","title":{"rendered":"Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prorokem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci zjistili, jak\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mozku je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za p\u0159edv\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vyjasnilo se tak\u00e9, \u017ee tuto schopnost nemaj\u00ed jen n\u011bjac\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00ed lid\u00e9, ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni. Prost\u011b tehdy, kdy\u017e jsme si zvykli myslet racion\u00e1ln\u011b a fungovat tak, jak je ve spole\u010dnosti obvykl\u00e9, jsme tuto vlastnost v sob\u011b potla\u010dili.<\/p>\n

Um\u00edte p\u0159edpov\u00eddat budoucnost? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee ano. Za den ud\u011bl\u00e1te celou \u0159adu p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed, a pokud se n\u00e1hodou spletete, v\u00e1\u0161 mozek v\u00e1s okam\u017eit\u011b upozorn\u00ed na chybu, a p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed se nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji.<\/p>\n

To nen\u00ed vtip, ale v\u011bdecky dok\u00e1zan\u00fd fakt. Jen to nen\u00ed o glob\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edch budoucnosti, ale o ka\u017edodenn\u00edch progn\u00f3z\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 d\u011bl\u00e1me podv\u011bdom\u011b, na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a zku\u0161enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm mechanismem pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed jsou zm\u011bny v \u017eivotn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Kdy\u017e se ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b n\u011bco d\u011bje, \u010dlov\u011bk mus\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159edv\u00eddat, co m\u016f\u017ee o\u010dek\u00e1vat v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm okam\u017eiku.<\/p>\n

Pokud jste p\u0159evrhli \u0161\u00e1lek \u010daje, pak v\u00edte, co se stane, je\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e se jeho obsah dotkne podlahy. Pokud jste nestihli autobus, pak v\u00edte, \u017ee budete \u010dekat na dal\u0161\u00ed ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 5-10 minut. Kdy\u017e se ozve zaklep\u00e1n\u00ed na dve\u0159e – v\u00e1\u0161 mozek nedobrovoln\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1vrhy, kdo by to mohl b\u00fdt. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu evolu\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje lidstva, stejn\u011b jako v procesu v\u00fdvoje jednotlivce se hromad\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, a p\u0159esnost p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

Ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci z University ve Washingtonu pod veden\u00edm profesora Jeffrey M. Zackse (1) si vytkli za c\u00edl vymezit ur\u010ditou oblast mozku odpov\u011bdnou za tato dom\u00e1c\u00ed proroctv\u00ed. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem nechali mlad\u00e9 zdrav\u00e9 lidi prohl\u00ed\u017eet videa ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Na ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b experiment\u00e1tor zastavil film a po\u017e\u00e1dal \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky, aby sd\u011blili, co se stane na obrazovce v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch n\u011bkolika sekund\u00e1ch, a pak p\u0159e\u0161el na konec videoklipu.<\/p>\n

Dobrovoln\u00edci byli rozd\u011bleni do dvou skupin: jedn\u00e9 skupin\u011b experiment\u00e1tor zastavil pr\u016fb\u011bh videa v t\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy\u017e postava ve filmu ji\u017e zah\u00e1jila konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed akci (myt\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u00ed, atd.) v druh\u00e9 skupin\u011b je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e k takov\u00e9 akci do\u0161lo. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, to nem\u011blo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv na p\u0159esnost „dom\u00e1c\u00edch“ p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed: v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procent z prvn\u00ed skupiny \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f dalo spr\u00e1vnou odpov\u011b\u010f o tom, co se stane v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm okam\u017eiku, ve druh\u00e9 skupin\u011b po\u010det spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed byl roven 80 procent.<\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to dob\u011b v\u0161ak byl mozek dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f skenov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 rezonance, co\u017e umo\u017enilo sledovat aktivitu r\u016fzn\u00fdch jeho \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu experimentu se v mozku aktivizovalo n\u011bkolik oblast\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00edm mozku – zejm\u00e9na substantia nigra a striatum. St\u0159edn\u00ed mozek je, mimo jin\u00e9, odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat ze senzor\u016f (jmenovit\u011b zvukov\u00fdch a vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch).<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny teorie o mo\u017enosti prekognice jsou postaveny na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 mozek je schopen analyzovat zku\u0161enosti z\u00edskan\u00e9 na kvalitativn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni, a proto d\u011bl\u00e1 daleko p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a realistick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi. Ale zast\u00e1nci t\u00e9to hypot\u00e9zy se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee kv\u016fli zvyku racion\u00e1ln\u00edho my\u0161len\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed, obvykl\u00e9ho ve spole\u010dnosti, jsme tyto impulsy a p\u0159edtuchy potla\u010dili, i kdy\u017e jsou ve skute\u010dnosti v\u00fdsledkem „dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdch“ progn\u00f3z na\u0161eho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. (2)<\/p>\n

Psychologov\u00e9 a neurologov\u00e9 ji\u017e uznali, \u017ee \u010dinnost centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu „p\u0159edv\u00eddat“ je obvykle nev\u011bdom\u00e1, a v na\u0161\u00ed mysli je ji\u017e p\u0159\u00edtomna ve form\u011b hotov\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f, p\u0159edpoklad\u016f nebo tu\u0161en\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od nev\u011bdom\u00fdch – instinktivn\u00edch, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch impuls\u016f, tuto \u010d\u00e1st psychiky odborn\u00edci ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako „nadv\u011bdom\u00ed“, nebo dokonce „superv\u011bdom\u00ed“. Nadv\u011bdom\u00ed je definov\u00e1no jako „nev\u011bdom\u00e1 voln\u00ed regulace, \u00farove\u0148 du\u0161evn\u00ed aktivity jedince p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.“ Produktem \u010dinnosti nadv\u011bdom\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed osv\u00edcen\u00ed, intuitivn\u00ed ne\u010dekan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, nebo jen nov\u00fd pohled na n\u011bjakou ot\u00e1zku nebo probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum v\u011bdc\u016f univerzity v Emory v USA prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee t\u011bchto „p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed“, je schopn\u00fd u\u017e mozek dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 dostali k poslechu n\u011bkolik p\u00edsn\u00ed nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch kapel a m\u011bli p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt, kter\u00e9 z nich se brzy stanou hity. Podle experiment\u00e1tor\u016f, jedna t\u0159etina dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dila, kter\u00e1 melodie se stane hitem a kter\u00e1 nikoli.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee tyto p\u0159edpov\u011bdi nelze naz\u00fdvat schopnost\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddat ve sv\u00e9 nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed podob\u011b – ale v\u011bdci do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee mnoho dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch je schopno p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt v\u00fdskyt ur\u010dit\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch fenom\u00e9n\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee jejich mozek analyzoval informaci o tom, jak\u00e9 melodick\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee, slova a rytmy byly typick\u00e9 pro posledn\u00ed hity, a na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b vytvo\u0159il p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f, jak\u00e1 je \u0161ance, \u017ee jin\u00e1 skladba zaujme publikum.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Jeffrey Zacks | Psychological & Brain Sciences (wustl.edu)<\/a><\/em>
\n(2) Washington University investigates how the brain can make predictions of the future. 23.8.2011, internet: http:\/\/www.isaude.net\/en\/noticia\/20287\/science-and-technology\/washington-university-investigates-how-the-brain-can-make-predictions-of-the-future<\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci zjistili, jak\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mozku je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za p\u0159edv\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8,12],"tags":[60,50,21],"class_list":["post-948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","category-zdravi-2","tag-clovek","tag-mozek","tag-vedomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=948"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":949,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948\/revisions\/949"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}