{"id":98,"date":"2023-03-13T00:00:37","date_gmt":"2023-03-12T23:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=98"},"modified":"2024-01-26T02:23:04","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T01:23:04","slug":"prvni-slovo-lidi-bylo-du","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/03\/13\/prvni-slovo-lidi-bylo-du\/","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed slovo lid\u00ed bylo &#8222;du&#8220;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V\u011bdci si dali za c\u00edl sly\u0161et \u0159e\u010d na\u0161ich vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f a zjistili, \u017ee na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 mluvili jako d\u011bti.<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\nB\u011bhem milion\u016f let evoluce vok\u00e1ln\u00ed apar\u00e1t umo\u017enil \u010dlov\u011bku rozvinout bohatou sadu fon\u00e9m\u016f a jejich varianty.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zm\u011bn byla redukce plicn\u00edch skl\u00edpk\u016f. Tento druh vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch vak\u016f se vyvinul u v\u0161ech prim\u00e1t\u016f a u \u010dlov\u011bka se vyvinul v rudiment\u00e1rn\u00ed org\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Podle absence charakteristick\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu podjazy\u010dn\u00e9 kosti u koster na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit, kdy k tomu do\u0161lo.<\/p>\n<p>U Australopitheka Afarsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd \u017eil p\u0159ed 3,3 miliony lety je\u0161t\u011b je, ale u heidelbersk\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd vy\u0161el na pozemskou sc\u00e9nu p\u0159ed 600 tis\u00edci lety, u\u017e nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Bart de Boer z University v Amsterdamu (Nizozem\u00ed) si zadal c\u00edl sly\u0161et \u0159e\u010d na\u0161ich vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Sestrojil proto z plastov\u00fdch rour um\u011bl\u00fd apar\u00e1t lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di, pou\u0161t\u011bl j\u00edm vzduch a zaznamenal r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvuky.<\/p>\n<p>U jednoho modelu byly plicn\u00ed skl\u00edpky archaick\u00e9, a u druh\u00e9ho \u2013 sou\u010dasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Pot\u00e9 zadal zvuky 22 dobrovoln\u00edk\u016fm a po\u017e\u00e1dal je, aby zjistili, o jak\u00e9 samohl\u00e1sky jde.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud odpov\u011bd\u011bli spr\u00e1vn\u011b, Bart de Boer jim p\u0159ehr\u00e1l zvuk znovu, ale s p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161umu tak, aby byl t\u011b\u017eko srozumiteln\u00fd. Pokud nebyla odpov\u011b\u010f spr\u00e1vn\u00e1, \u00farove\u0148 \u0161umu se sn\u00ed\u017eila.<\/p>\n<p>Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 sly\u0161eli zvuk bez \u00fa\u010dasti plicn\u00edch skl\u00edpk\u016f, bylo ho mo\u017eno spr\u00e1vn\u011b ur\u010dit i p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m \u00farovni \u0161umu.<\/p>\n<p>Vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 vaky slou\u017eily jakoby velk\u00e9 bubny \u0159e\u010dov\u00e9ho orchestru, rezonuj\u00edc\u00ed na n\u00edzk\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch a d\u011blaly samohl\u00e1sky.<\/p>\n<p>Slovn\u00edk Australopitheca musel b\u00fdt velmi primitivn\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s na\u0161\u00edm, proto\u017ee slovo &#8222;m\u00edr&#8220; a &#8222;mer&#8220;, musel zn\u00edt pro n\u011bj stejn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee po v\u00fdvoji plicn\u00edch skl\u00edpk\u016f Australopitheca se jako nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech samohl\u00e1sek mohl vyvinout zvuk &#8222;y&#8220;. A d\u00e1le, \u010detn\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee je nejsnadn\u011bji lze vyslovit samohl\u00e1sku &#8222;y&#8220; po souhl\u00e1sce &#8222;d&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee prvn\u00ed slovo \u010dlov\u011bka muselo b\u00fdt &#8222;du&#8220;\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u011bdci si dali za c\u00edl sly\u0161et \u0159e\u010d na\u0161ich vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f a zjistili, \u017ee na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 mluvili jako d\u011bti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":259,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[24],"class_list":["post-98","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-veda","tag-rec"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98\/revisions\/99"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}