{"id":986,"date":"2023-10-25T00:31:45","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T22:31:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=986"},"modified":"2023-11-26T01:34:55","modified_gmt":"2023-11-26T00:34:55","slug":"plac-a-smich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/10\/25\/plac-a-smich\/","title":{"rendered":"Pl\u00e1\u010d a sm\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 mimiky a gestikulace je v\u011bnov\u00e1no mnoho v\u011bdeck\u00fdch prac\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oba d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jevy, sm\u00edch a pl\u00e1\u010d \u010dlov\u011bka, nejsou dosud spolehliv\u011b a jednozna\u010dn\u011b osv\u011btleny.<\/p>\n

\u010cetn\u00e1 nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na z dosud panuj\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1zoru, kdy jsou stav\u011bny jako dvojice opak\u016f. To se v\u0161ak nepotvrzuje p\u0159i p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Polarita obou sign\u00e1l\u016f je jen zd\u00e1nliv\u00e1, nebo\u0165 skute\u010dn\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem sm\u00edchu nen\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010d, ale boj. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nikoli v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd, ale boj o po\u0159\u00e1dek. Kdo se sm\u011bje, nem\u016f\u017ee bojovat nebo se p\u0159\u00edt. Kdo bojuje a st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 se, nem\u016f\u017ee a nedok\u00e1\u017ee se sm\u00e1t. Naproti tomu se \u010dlov\u011bk dok\u00e1\u017ee velmi dob\u0159e sm\u00e1t pod slzami. Pl\u00e1\u010d a sm\u00edch nejsou bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00fdmi protivn\u00edky. Pro antropology i filozofy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed tyto jevy typick\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed \u017eivota, kter\u00e9 je vlastn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bku.<\/p>\n

O SM\u00cdCHU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdo se bl\u00ed\u017ee v\u011bdecky zab\u00fdv\u00e1 lidoopy, snadno se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee tito vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prim\u00e1ti se rovn\u011b\u017e mohou sm\u00e1t jako lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Bylo by ov\u0161em nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pova\u017eovat za sm\u00edch vycen\u011bn\u00e9 zuby, jak si to vysv\u011btluj\u00ed laici. Sm\u00edch i cen\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 to, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech demonstruje sv\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 \u201ezbran\u011b“, toti\u017e zuby. Av\u0161ak agresivn\u00ed cen\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1z\u00ed bojovou sc\u00e9nu, je spojeno se sev\u0159en\u00fdmi \u0159adami zub\u016f, zuby jsou doslova pevn\u011b skousnuty.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee je t\u0159eba protivn\u00edka p\u0159i tom ost\u0159e sledovat, o\u010di jsou \u0161iroce otev\u0159eny, obo\u010d\u00ed zdvi\u017eeno (stahem \u010deln\u00edch sval\u016f), a\u017e se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vodorovn\u00e9, hroziv\u00e9 vr\u00e1sky. Hlava a ramena jsou bojov\u011b p\u0159edsunuty a zraniteln\u00e9 b\u0159icho vta\u017eeno. Po usm\u011bvav\u00e9 radosti tu nen\u00ed ani stopy. Cen\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f ve sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed form\u011b jako hroziv\u00e9 gesto se ned\u00e1 zam\u011bnit s opravdov\u00fdm sm\u00edchem.<\/p>\n

Typick\u00fd, p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd a \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd sm\u00edch m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b opa\u010dn\u00e9 a negativn\u00ed stanovisko k boji. Sm\u00edch znamen\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vku v st\u00e1l\u00e9m \u017eivotn\u00edm boji. Kdo se sm\u011bje, nen\u00ed v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, nebo m\u00e1 ohro\u017een\u00ed \u0161\u0165astn\u011b za sebou. Sm\u00edch p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee tu nen\u00ed nikdo a nic, co by neslo zn\u00e1mku nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. Biosoci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam tohoto jevu je je\u0161t\u011b obs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed, signalizuje tak\u00e9 m\u00edr, ale nejen mezi p\u0159\u00e1teli, n\u00fdbr\u017e tak\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di dosavadn\u00edmu nep\u0159\u00edteli \u010di nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu. Projev p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho souhlasu zprost\u0159edkovan\u00fd sm\u00edchem m\u00e1 pro spole\u010dn\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed lid\u00ed neocenitelnou hodnotu.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 milenci se na po\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e9ho erotick\u00e9ho setk\u00e1n\u00ed usm\u00edvaj\u00ed na znamen\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch \u00famysl\u016f a sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se sm\u00e1t tolik a pro ostatn\u00ed okolostoj\u00edc\u00ed z\u0159eteln\u011b bezd\u016fvodn\u011b \u2014 jen mezi sebou tak dlouho, dokud p\u0159eva\u017euje ve st\u0159etnut\u00ed jejich l\u00e1sky experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161k\u00e1dlen\u00ed a hran\u00ed. Pokud l\u00e1ska se vyd\u00e1 odevzdan\u011b instinktivn\u00ed moci, p\u0159i opravdov\u00e9m aktu milov\u00e1n\u00ed sm\u00edch z obli\u010dej\u016f miz\u00ed. To d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdrazu vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enost, a\u017e skoro bolestiv\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed koncentraci na milostn\u00fd akt. V tomto z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9m procesu v\u011bdom\u00ed jsou oba zamilovan\u00ed a\u017e slep\u00ed a hlu\u0161\u00ed pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pochody, mnoz\u00ed p\u0159i tom dokonce zapomenou i na partnera. Teprve po vyvrcholen\u00ed radosti se op\u011bt navrac\u00ed do obli\u010dej\u016f sm\u00edch, nen\u00ed to v\u0161ak hlasit\u00fd sm\u00edch, ale s uzav\u0159en\u00fdmi rty, kter\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 p\u0159edsunuty svalem okru\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fasta.<\/p>\n

Jist\u00fd pr\u016fvodn\u00ed hroziv\u00fd t\u00f3n nen\u00ed poznateln\u00fd pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed a zji\u0161\u0165uje klid zbran\u00ed. Tento klid nen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b zcela zaru\u010den, nen\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn zcela po\u0159\u00e1dek, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k boji.<\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1me i potuteln\u00fd a zlomysln\u00fd sm\u00edch nebo \u201eme\u010den\u00ed“, kter\u00e9 spojeno s vycen\u011bn\u00edm zub\u016f signalizuje boj, kdy o prav\u00e9m p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m \u00famyslu nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ani \u0159e\u010di.<\/p>\n

Kone\u010dn\u011b je to i sm\u00edch otrock\u00fd, servilni, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 nese nab\u00eddku m\u00edru. Usm\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159i tom je\u0161t\u011b ukl\u00e1n\u00ed a u\u010din\u00ed se \u201emen\u0161\u00edm“, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti je. Tento zdvo\u0159ilostn\u00ed sm\u00edch praktikujeme v\u0161ichni mnohokr\u00e1t v na\u0161em civilizovan\u00e9m v\u0161edn\u00edm dnu. To v\u0161ak nepodmi\u0148uje u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nezbytn\u011b ztr\u00e1tu charakteru, jak si mnohdy mysl\u00ed zejm\u00e9na mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9, ale u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho je v\u00fdrazem r\u016fzn\u00e9 re\u00e1ln\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti.<\/p>\n

O PL\u00c1\u010cI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1\u010d tak\u00e9 odd\u011bluje jako v\u00fdrazov\u00e1 schopnost \u010dlov\u011bka od zv\u00ed\u0159at. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd odborn\u00edk nem\u016f\u017ee vz\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 r\u010den\u00ed o \u201ekrokod\u00fdl\u00edch“ slz\u00e1ch. I kdy\u017e byly slzy pozorov\u00e1ny u legu\u00e1n\u016f na Galap\u00e1g\u00e1ch, slou\u017e\u00ed tyto jen k vyplaven\u00ed p\u0159em\u00edry mo\u0159sk\u00e9 soli, kter\u00e1 do o\u010d\u00ed vnikla potravou mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi chaluhami. Ko\u010dovn\u00fd lovec z konce posledn\u00ed doby ledov\u00e9, kter\u00e9mu ostr\u00fd v\u00edtr vehnal p\u0159i putov\u00e1n\u00ed step\u00ed a pou\u0161t\u00ed do o\u010d\u00ed prach a p\u00edsek nebo kter\u00fd se musel prob\u00edt sn\u011bhovou bou\u0159\u00ed \u010di krupobit\u00edm, dost\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u0159e\u010dovit\u00e9 cuk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00ed\u010dek s v\u00fdraznou sekrec\u00ed slz odplavuj\u00edc\u00ed vniknuv\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice. Lovec to doplnil t\u0159ec\u00edmi pohyby n\u011bkolika prst\u016f, aby pomohl odstran\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic. Takov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u010d si dovedeme objasnit.<\/p>\n

Mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je pochopit p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00e9 pochody u \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se pr\u00e1v\u011b dov\u011bd\u011bl o t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m osudov\u00e9m \u00faderu. Jemu nevmetl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00edtr p\u00edsek a prach do o\u010d\u00ed, a p\u0159ece se do v\u0161ech podrobnost\u00ed chov\u00e1 tak, jako by to byl stejn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. \u010clov\u011bk pl\u00e1\u010de, nebo\u0165 sv\u00fdm tokem slz a k tomu pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi mimick\u00fdmi a gestikula\u010dn\u00edmi pohyby se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 v\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzni, jako by ji cht\u011bl symbolicky vyplavit.<\/p>\n

P\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010de k chov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u00edse\u010dn\u00e9 bou\u0159i se m\u016f\u017ee v prvn\u00edm okam\u017eiku jevit jako p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nadnesen\u011b a odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b, ale je p\u0159ece jen podlo\u017eeno \u00fa\u017easnou a skute\u010dn\u011b dokonalou shodou pozorovan\u00fdch jev\u016f, jak ji aplikujeme v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch ka\u017edodenn\u00edch situac\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee se pl\u00e1\u010dem nem\u011bn\u00ed objektivn\u00ed stav pla\u010d\u00edc\u00edho, ale d\u011bje se n\u011bco symbolick\u00e9ho, li\u0161\u00ed se obecn\u00e9 pou\u017eiti \u0159e\u010di od pl\u00e1\u010de a slz. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee d\u011bti, \u017eeny a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci primitivn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f maj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m reperto\u00e1ru spont\u00e1nn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010d v mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e ne\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed nap\u0159. mu\u017e\u0161t\u00ed Evropan\u00e9. Z toho plyne i sou\u010dasn\u00fd n\u00e1zor na pl\u00e1\u010d, kter\u00fd je v na\u0161\u00ed civilizaci pova\u017eov\u00e1n za n\u011bco nemu\u017en\u00e9ho. Mu\u017ei jsou pak vychov\u00e1v\u00e1ni ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b kultur k tomu, aby se s negativn\u00edmi z\u00e1\u017eitky vyrovnali re\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b jsou vysv\u011btleny i slzy obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b interpretovan\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u010di pohody. \u017dena n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edka, kter\u00e1 kone\u010dn\u011b sev\u0159e ve sv\u00fdch pa\u017e\u00edch mu\u017ee po m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch dlouh\u00e9ho putov\u00e1n\u00ed, chce sv\u00fdmi slzami symbolicky odplavit onu nen\u00e1vid\u011bnou dobu odlou\u010den\u00ed. Pl\u00e1\u010d pom\u00e1h\u00e1 bezmocn\u00fdm a slab\u00fdm vyrovnat se s nep\u0159\u00edzn\u00ed v\u0161emocn\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti. Sm\u00edch signalizuje radost a obsahuje m\u00edr v nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Oba v\u00fdrazy jsou \u00fa\u010deln\u011b a nenahraditeln\u00e9 a nelze si bez nich \u017eivot p\u0159edstavit.<\/p>\n

MUDr. J. J.<\/em><\/p>\n

Archiv CP<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 mimiky a gestikulace je v\u011bnov\u00e1no mnoho v\u011bdeck\u00fdch prac\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":723,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[60,39,51],"class_list":["post-986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","tag-clovek","tag-psychologie","tag-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=986"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":987,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986\/revisions\/987"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}