{"id":996,"date":"2023-11-09T00:00:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T23:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/?p=996"},"modified":"2023-11-26T21:16:15","modified_gmt":"2023-11-26T20:16:15","slug":"zahadny-rusky-experiment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/2023\/11\/09\/zahadny-rusky-experiment\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd rusk\u00fd experiment"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Jak se lze do\u010d\u00edst na \u0159ad\u011b web\u016f nap\u0159. zde (1), v roce 1940 skupina rusk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f bez \u0161petky etiky provedli experiment, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m mu\u010dili sp\u00e1nkovou deprivac\u00ed skupinu politick\u00fdch disident\u016f.<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\nD\u011bsiv\u00fd popis zr\u016fdn\u00e9ho experimentu, dopln\u011bn\u00fd r\u016fzn\u00fdmi rusofobn\u00edmi koment\u00e1\u0159i a d\u011bsiv\u00fdm obr\u00e1zkem, je obl\u00edben\u00fdm t\u00e9matem internetov\u00fdch diskus\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i experimentu n\u00e1sledkem jak\u00e9hosi <em>Nikolajevova<\/em> plynu, nebo podle jin\u00e9 verze &#8222;<em>Oran\u017eov\u00e9 sody<\/em>&#8222;, lid\u00e9 pr\u00fd ze\u0161\u00edleli, do\u0161lo ke <em>kanibalismu,<\/em> a v\u016fbec p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh obsahuje \u0159adu hororov\u00fdch prvk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-997\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/cp_zahadny_rusky1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Je to pravdiv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nebo dal\u0161\u00ed legenda?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se nejprve na to, jak\u00e9 experimenty se v oblasti sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 deprivace prov\u00e1d\u011bly a jak\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky to u pokusn\u00fdch osob skute\u010dn\u011b m\u011blo. Podobaly se n\u011bjak hr\u016fzn\u00fdm situac\u00edm v rusk\u00e9m experimentu?<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina sv\u011btov\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed by r\u00e1da m\u011bla supervoj\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt aktivn\u00ed 24 hodin denn\u011b, bez citliv\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed, kdy je pot\u0159eba sp\u00e1nku. Je pravda, \u017ee velmoci prov\u00e1d\u011bly v tomto ohledu \u0159adu experiment\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159. b\u011bhem bitvy v <em>Mogadishu<\/em> v roce 1993, se americk\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed jednotky setkaly se som\u00e1lsk\u00fdmi bojovn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017ev\u00fdkali <em>khat,<\/em> rostlinu, kter\u00e1 je siln\u00fdm stimulantem. To umo\u017enilo Som\u00e1lc\u016fm b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveni k boji kdykoli a z\u016fstat aktivn\u00edmi v dob\u011b, kdy Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 u\u017e byli unaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 2008 nechal Pentagon vypracovat nez\u00e1vislou studii, zadanou jeho \u00fa\u0159adem obrann\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, pod n\u00e1zvem \u201e<em>Lidsk\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnost.<\/em>\u201c (2) Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se v n\u00ed, \u017ee bylo vyzkou\u0161eno 86 r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f (kde jinde by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 takto experimentovat na lidech, ne\u017e v arm\u00e1d\u011b?)<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e \u0161lo pr\u00fd jen &#8222;mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed&#8220; l\u00e1tek (sic!), bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee po 3 dnech (72 hodin) bd\u011bn\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed i p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed <em>kofeinu<\/em> ke zpomalen\u00ed v\u00fdkon\u016f, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rychlosti reakce a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ment\u00e1ln\u00ed ostrosti. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i osob s vysokou intenzitou tr\u00e9ninku bez sp\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<p>Ale i dal\u0161\u00ed dovednosti, jako je st\u0159eleck\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, klesly u lid\u00ed bez sp\u00e1nku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u011b jako u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd kofein nepo\u017eili.<\/p>\n<p>Zpr\u00e1va Pentagonu tak\u00e9 popisuje v\u00fdsledky testu psychomotorick\u00e9 bd\u011blosti, tj. reakce na vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty na obrazovce po\u010d\u00edta\u010de stiskem tla\u010d\u00edtka. \u0160lo o subjekty, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly povolenou neomezenou d\u00e9lku sp\u00e1nku, nebo 8 hodin za den, nebo 6, nebo 4, nebo nula. Test trval 14 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli povoleno 8 hodin sp\u00e1nku, co\u017e se zd\u00e1 dostatek, st\u00e1le d\u011blali 3-4 kr\u00e1t tolik chyb v testech po 14 dnech ne\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/li>\n<li>Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed spali 6 hodin, d\u011blali 11kr\u00e1t tolik chyb ne\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/li>\n<li>Ti, co spali jen 4 hodiny, d\u011blali 16 kr\u00e1t tolik chyb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A co ti, co nespali v\u016fbec? T\u011bm byl pokus ukon\u010den po 3 dnech, kdy\u017e d\u011blali 16 kr\u00e1t v\u00edce chyb ne\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed test zjistil, \u017ee voj\u00e1ci elitn\u00ed arm\u00e1dn\u00ed jednotky, kte\u0159\u00ed spali jen 3 hodiny denn\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 53 hodinov\u00e9ho bojov\u00e9ho cvi\u010den\u00ed, ud\u011blali testy n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t h\u016f\u0159e ne\u017e lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli opil\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je tedy jasn\u00e9, \u017ee voj\u00e1k bez sp\u00e1nku m\u00e1 probl\u00e9m. Podobn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky se mus\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it i s astronauty.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzkum proveden\u00fd v \u010c\u00edn\u011b v roce 2015 testoval \u00fa\u010dinky sp\u00e1nku na astronauty (v simulovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed). Po t\u0159ech dnech sp\u00e1nku a nap\u011bt\u00ed, astronauti pro\u0161li s\u00e9ri\u00ed test\u016f. Jejich psychomotorick\u00e9 dovednost\u00ed byly zna\u010dn\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed, ale jejich vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fasudek se zm\u011bnil v mnohem men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Ale tito lid\u00e9 z\u016fstali vzh\u016fru ne d\u00e9le ne\u017e t\u0159i dny. \u00dadajn\u00fd rusk\u00fd sp\u00e1nkov\u00fd experiment v\u0161ak pr\u00fd trval pln\u00e9 dva t\u00fddny!<\/p>\n<p>Nejbl\u00ed\u017ee se tomuto \u010dasov\u00e9mu rozp\u011bt\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed experiment z roku 1968, kter\u00e9mu se podrobili \u010dty\u0159i mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei. Setrvali 205 hodin ve vynucen\u00e9 bd\u011blosti v Neuropsychiatrick\u00e9m \u00fastavu. Psychofyziologick\u00e9 testy d\u011blali \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t denn\u011b, a v\u011bdci zaznamenali jejich n\u00e1ladu, chov\u00e1n\u00ed, a dal\u0161\u00ed ukazatele v pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9ho dne, osobnostn\u00ed testy a logick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Po n\u011bkolika dnech se za\u010daly projevovat stavy n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku po dobu n\u011bkolika sekund, i s otev\u0159en\u00fdma o\u010dima, a n\u00e1hl\u00fdch probuzen\u00ed. P\u00e1t\u00fd den bylo dosa\u017eeno bodu obratu, kdy se za\u010dala projevovat podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost a dal\u0161\u00ed symptomy. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed \u00fakaz, kter\u00fd se vyskytl, byla u jednoho subjektu halucinace gorily a opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159edstavy, \u017ee je d\u00edt\u011b. Po osmi a p\u016fl dnech v\u011bdci do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee dos\u00e1hli v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f a konstatovali, \u017ee v\u00fdpadky v bd\u011bn\u00ed byly st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a bylo st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zvl\u00e1dat, subjekty se ale chovali racion\u00e1ln\u011b a uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u011b. Jejich pam\u011b\u0165, orientace a \u00fasudek byly klinicky nedot\u010den\u00e9, kdy\u017e byli dotazov\u00e1ni stru\u010dn\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami. Nebyl nalezen \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz o psych\u00f3ze, uvoln\u011bn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb, zplo\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vzniku paranoidn\u00edch p\u0159edstav. Tedy, nikdo nikoho neohro\u017eoval ani nikdo nikoho nesn\u011bdl. (3)<\/p>\n<p>16 let\u00fd <em>Randy Gardner,<\/em> kter\u00fd je uveden v <em>Guinnessov\u011b knize rekord\u016f<\/em>, byl schopen v roce 1964 z\u016fstat vzh\u016fru p\u0159i neust\u00e1l\u00e9m sledov\u00e1n\u00ed 260 hodin. (4) Gardner nepoci\u0165oval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 deprivace, jako podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost, paranoia, v\u00fdpadky pam\u011bti, a pot\u00ed\u017ee s koncentrac\u00ed. N\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed se sna\u017eilo prolomit Gardner\u016fv rekord, ale Guinness zastavil tuto kategorii v d\u016fsledku mo\u017en\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch rizik.<\/p>\n<p>Zdrav\u00ed lid\u00e9 tedy nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my p\u0159i nedostatku sp\u00e1nku. Co nemocn\u00ed lid\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b dva patologick\u00e9 stavy, kter\u00e9 mohou ovliv\u0148ovat, nebo dokonce vylou\u010dit mo\u017enost sp\u00e1nku. Jedn\u00edm z nich je stav naz\u00fdvan\u00fd <em>Morvan syndrom<\/em> (5), i kdy\u017e je to velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, dosud zaznamen\u00e1n jen ve 20 p\u0159\u00edpadech. Syndrom m\u00e1 vliv na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee je zp\u016fsoben abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edmi protil\u00e1tkami, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na nap\u011bt\u00ed drasl\u00edkov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch. To m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 svalov\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de a z\u00e1\u0161kuby a nav\u00edc bolest, ztr\u00e1tu hmotnosti, p\u0159ebytek pocen\u00ed a slin\u011bn\u00ed, bd\u011bl\u00e9 sny a halucinace.<\/p>\n<p>Pacienti mohou sp\u00e1t dv\u011b hodiny za den, nebo n\u011bkdy v\u016fbec ne. <em>Encefalogram<\/em> ukazuje, \u017ee ve sp\u00e1nku se nikdy nedos\u00e1hne pomal\u00fdch vln, ale po v\u011bt\u0161inu dne jejich EEG ukazuje p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi sp\u00e1nku NREM, s mnoha kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi v\u00fdpadky do pln\u00e9ho REM sp\u00e1nku, i kdy\u017e jsou navenek vzh\u016fru. Pacienti maj\u00ed &#8222;autonomn\u00ed aktivaci&#8220; epizod, v podstat\u011b \u201en\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnost\u201c a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed, ani\u017e by si toho byli v\u011bdomi. Tento extr\u00e9mn\u00ed nedostatek norm\u00e1ln\u00edho sp\u00e1nku se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 agrypnia excitata (6). Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee Morvan syndrom je l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd steroidy, a k n\u00e1prav\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00fd stav je je\u0161t\u011b d\u011bsiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jde o <em>fat\u00e1ln\u00ed famili\u00e1rn\u00ed insomnii<\/em> (7), a jak ji\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, jedn\u00e1 se o d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuje cel\u00e9 rodiny. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed zd\u011bd\u00ed vadn\u00fd dominantn\u00ed gen, p\u0159edaj\u00ed jeho polovinu sv\u00fdm potomk\u016fm, N\u00e1sledky jsou v\u017edy fat\u00e1ln\u00ed, neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd by pomohl. Jedn\u00e1 se o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed prionu, ve kter\u00e9m se vadn\u00fd protein hromad\u00ed v mozku, a p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed mozkovou tk\u00e1\u0148 do neu\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 spongiformn\u00ed hmoty. Toto po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 s FFI nakonec um\u00edraj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00da\u010dinky se obvykle objevuj\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00edm v\u011bku a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed je 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po n\u00e1stupu choroby. Prvn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou zmatenost, paranoia, ztr\u00e1ta pam\u011bti, a nespavost; n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty paniky, halucinace, a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 nespavosti; a kone\u010dn\u011b nastoup\u00ed necitlivost, tot\u00e1ln\u00ed nespavost, a kompletn\u00ed demence. Pacient \u010dasto z\u016fstane v tomto hrozn\u00e9m stavu n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed smrt\u00ed. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed FFI je extr\u00e9mn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fd, a byl identifikov\u00e1n jen asi 40 rodin\u00e1m na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee, a\u0165 u\u017e je nedostatek sp\u00e1nku v\u00fdsledkem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, nebo je zp\u016fsoben jin\u00fdmi okolnostmi, v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se pacienti nechovaj\u00ed tak, jak je uvedeno v \u010dl\u00e1nku o rusk\u00e9m experimentu &#8211; nejed\u00ed jin\u00e9 lidi ani nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k radik\u00e1ln\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v jejich osobnosti nebo v jejich hodnotov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech. Ur\u010dit\u011b nikdo z pokusn\u00fdch osob nebyl nebezpe\u010d\u00edm pro sebe nebo pro ostatn\u00ed. Sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 deprivace p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f, ale zm\u011bny mor\u00e1lky, \u00fasudku, a celkov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi nimi nejsou.<\/p>\n<p>To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee rusk\u00fd sp\u00e1nkov\u00fd experiment je \u010dist\u00e1 fikce. Poprv\u00e9 se objevil na popul\u00e1rn\u00edm webu CreepyPasta.com (8), uve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hororov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zde (9) a (10). Existuje tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik jeho variant.<\/p>\n<p>Nejstar\u0161\u00ed verze p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu se objevila na <em>CreepyPasta<\/em> v prosinci 2010, a je k dispozici na Internetov\u00e9m archivu (11).<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1jem o tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vzrostl v roce 2013. To byla chv\u00edle, kdy se z beletrie stala m\u011bstsk\u00e1 legenda, tedy p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd je mnoha lidmi pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pravdiv\u00fd. Je to v\u00fdborn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad ke studiu tohoto fenom\u00e9nu, kdy dob\u0159e vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 fikce, za p\u0159edpokladu zasazen\u00ed do spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho kontextu a po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00fdch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f, je vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako skute\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Odkazy:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(1) Rusk\u00fd experiment. Internet: <a href=\"http:\/\/noobik.pise.cz\/483-rusky-experiment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/noobik.pise.cz\/483-rusky-experiment.html<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(2) JASON. Human Performance. McLean: The MITRE Corporation, 2008. <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(3) Kollar, E., Namerow, N., Pasnau, R., Naitoh, P. &#8222;Neurological findings during prolonged sleep deprivation.&#8220; Neurology. 1 Sep. 1968, Volume 18, Number 9: 836-840.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>(4) Randy Gardner. Wikipdia, online: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Randy_Gardner_%28record_holder%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Randy_Gardner_%28record_holder%29<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(5) Morvan syndrom. Wikipedia, online: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morvan's_syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morvan&#8217;s_syndrome<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(6) Agrypnia excitata. Wikipedia, online: <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agrypnia_excitata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agrypnia_excitata<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(7) Fat\u00e1ln\u00ed famili\u00e1rn\u00ed insomnie. Wikipedie, online: <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fat%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_famili%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_insomnie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(8) CreepyPasta.com, online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.creepypasta.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.creepypasta.com\/<\/a> <\/em><br \/>\n<em>(9) <a href=\"http:\/\/creepypasta.wikia.com\/wiki\/The_Russian_Sleep_Experiment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/creepypasta.wikia.com\/wiki\/The_Russian_Sleep_Experiment<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(10) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.creepypasta.com\/the-russian-sleep-experiment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.creepypasta.com\/the-russian-sleep-experiment\/<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>(11) <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101211054310\/http:\/creepypasta.wikia.com\/wiki\/The_Russian_Sleep_Experiment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/web.archive.org<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Gillin, C. &#8222;How long can humans stay awake?&#8220; Scientific American. Nature America, Inc., 22 Mar. 2002. Web. 17 Nov. 2015. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/how-long-can-humans-stay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/how-long-can-humans-stay\/<\/a> <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>JASON. Human Performance. McLean: The MITRE Corporation, 2008. <\/em><br \/>\n<em>Lugaresi, E., Provini, F. &#8222;Agrypnia excitata: clinical features and pathophysiological implications.&#8220; Sleep Medicine Reviews. 1 Aug. 2001, Volume 5, Number 4: 313-322.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Max, D. The Family That Couldn&#8217;t Sleep: A Medical Mystery. New York: Random House, 2007. <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Pasnau, R., Naitoh, P., Stier, S., Kollar, E. &#8222;The Psychological Effects of 205 Hours of Sleep Deprivation.&#8220; Archives of General Psychiatry. 1 Apr. 1968, Volume 18, Number 4: 496-505.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Liu, X., Liu, F., Jing, X., Wu, B. &#8222;Simulated Spaceflight Operations Under Sleep Deprivation and Confinement.&#8220; Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. 1 Oct. 2015, Volume 86, Number 10: 865-874.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak se lze do\u010d\u00edst na \u0159ad\u011b web\u016f nap\u0159. zde (1), v roce 1940 skupina rusk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f bez \u0161petky etiky provedli<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,12],"tags":[60,15,51],"class_list":["post-996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-souvislosti","category-zdravi-2","tag-clovek","tag-sny","tag-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=996"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1010,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/996\/revisions\/1010"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cestypsychotroniky.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}